Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity)
In drinking water treatments, for coagulation and sedimentation of suspended particles, several coagulants are used such as Alum, PAC and ferric chloride. In spite of their positive effect on turbidity removal, these chemicals cause some problems like corrosion and harmful by-products which result i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers Research Development
2019-05-01
|
| Series: | آب و فاضلاب |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_68894_74bcc229a471a69690ca716e2aa910eb.pdf |
| _version_ | 1819276735016861696 |
|---|---|
| author | Hamid Momtazpour Aliakbar Azimi Sahand Jorfi Tayebe Tabatabaie Abdolrahim Pazira |
| author_facet | Hamid Momtazpour Aliakbar Azimi Sahand Jorfi Tayebe Tabatabaie Abdolrahim Pazira |
| author_sort | Hamid Momtazpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In drinking water treatments, for coagulation and sedimentation of suspended particles, several coagulants are used such as Alum, PAC and ferric chloride. In spite of their positive effect on turbidity removal, these chemicals cause some problems like corrosion and harmful by-products which result in bad effects on human and environmental health. Therefore, finding and using better and more effective materials without such adverse effects is a necessity. The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemically synthetized sodium ferrate (S.F.) in liquid state for the turbidity removal from Zayandehrud River in two conditions: normal turbidity (less than 100 NTU) and high turbidity (more than 900NTU). This research was performed in four states of 30×60, 40×60, 60×60, and 30×40; in each state, one of the water independent variables effective on water turbidity was changed. These four states were S.F. dosing rate, gentile mixing speed, rapid mixing time and pH. For the experiment design, analysis and optimization of independent variables effective on turbidity removal were used. In addition, the surface response method (RSM-D-Optimal) plus Design Expert-v10 optimization software were used for this study. Finally, in this research, according to the standard methods, the residual total Fe (due to sodium ferrate) was checked in the research in order to ensure that its value was in the allowable range for drinking water. The results showed optimum conditions as: pH of 8.5 and gentle mixing oscillating speed of 60rpm for 7min, 50rpm for 7min and 40rpm for 6min, (instead of 40rpm constant speed for 20min) and rapid mixing time of 30s with 120rpm (instead of 60s, which was conventional in Esfahan water treatment plant). In addition, the results showed that by using only 1.54mg/L of S.F. in the above-mentioned optimum condition, the water turbidity removal efficiencies were 95.17% and 99.07% for normal and high turbidity states, respectively. A comparison was made in this research between using S.F. and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) for both normal and high turbidity. The results showed the better effect of S.F. than PAC. The results also showed that the residual total Fe was in the allowable range before and after the filter (because of the reactivity of ferrate with Fe). From the results of this research, it can be concluded that using S.F. has a positive effect, technically and economically, on water turbidity removal (better effect than conventional chemicals) in both normal and high turbidity. Moreover, the results showed that residual total Fe remains in the allowable range. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:44:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55e8ed5c81dd430bbbf959fc72937495 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1024-5936 2383-0905 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T23:44:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers Research Development |
| record_format | Article |
| series | آب و فاضلاب |
| spelling | doaj.art-55e8ed5c81dd430bbbf959fc729374952022-12-21T17:25:32ZengWater and Wastewater Consulting Engineers Research Developmentآب و فاضلاب1024-59362383-09052019-05-0130211210.22093/wwj.2017.97917.248968894Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity)Hamid Momtazpour0Aliakbar Azimi1Sahand Jorfi2Tayebe Tabatabaie3Abdolrahim Pazira4PhD Student, Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranAssist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranAssist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environment Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IranAssist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranAssist. Prof., Dept. of Environmental Engineering, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, IranIn drinking water treatments, for coagulation and sedimentation of suspended particles, several coagulants are used such as Alum, PAC and ferric chloride. In spite of their positive effect on turbidity removal, these chemicals cause some problems like corrosion and harmful by-products which result in bad effects on human and environmental health. Therefore, finding and using better and more effective materials without such adverse effects is a necessity. The aim of this research was to study the effect of chemically synthetized sodium ferrate (S.F.) in liquid state for the turbidity removal from Zayandehrud River in two conditions: normal turbidity (less than 100 NTU) and high turbidity (more than 900NTU). This research was performed in four states of 30×60, 40×60, 60×60, and 30×40; in each state, one of the water independent variables effective on water turbidity was changed. These four states were S.F. dosing rate, gentile mixing speed, rapid mixing time and pH. For the experiment design, analysis and optimization of independent variables effective on turbidity removal were used. In addition, the surface response method (RSM-D-Optimal) plus Design Expert-v10 optimization software were used for this study. Finally, in this research, according to the standard methods, the residual total Fe (due to sodium ferrate) was checked in the research in order to ensure that its value was in the allowable range for drinking water. The results showed optimum conditions as: pH of 8.5 and gentle mixing oscillating speed of 60rpm for 7min, 50rpm for 7min and 40rpm for 6min, (instead of 40rpm constant speed for 20min) and rapid mixing time of 30s with 120rpm (instead of 60s, which was conventional in Esfahan water treatment plant). In addition, the results showed that by using only 1.54mg/L of S.F. in the above-mentioned optimum condition, the water turbidity removal efficiencies were 95.17% and 99.07% for normal and high turbidity states, respectively. A comparison was made in this research between using S.F. and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) for both normal and high turbidity. The results showed the better effect of S.F. than PAC. The results also showed that the residual total Fe was in the allowable range before and after the filter (because of the reactivity of ferrate with Fe). From the results of this research, it can be concluded that using S.F. has a positive effect, technically and economically, on water turbidity removal (better effect than conventional chemicals) in both normal and high turbidity. Moreover, the results showed that residual total Fe remains in the allowable range.http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_68894_74bcc229a471a69690ca716e2aa910eb.pdfTurbiditySodium FerrateRSMD-Optimal MethodDesign Expert Software |
| spellingShingle | Hamid Momtazpour Aliakbar Azimi Sahand Jorfi Tayebe Tabatabaie Abdolrahim Pazira Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) آب و فاضلاب Turbidity Sodium Ferrate RSM D-Optimal Method Design Expert Software |
| title | Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) |
| title_full | Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) |
| title_fullStr | Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) |
| title_short | Application of Optimum Sodium Ferrate in Zayandehrud River Water Turbidity Removal (Normal and High Turbidity) |
| title_sort | application of optimum sodium ferrate in zayandehrud river water turbidity removal normal and high turbidity |
| topic | Turbidity Sodium Ferrate RSM D-Optimal Method Design Expert Software |
| url | http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_68894_74bcc229a471a69690ca716e2aa910eb.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hamidmomtazpour applicationofoptimumsodiumferrateinzayandehrudriverwaterturbidityremovalnormalandhighturbidity AT aliakbarazimi applicationofoptimumsodiumferrateinzayandehrudriverwaterturbidityremovalnormalandhighturbidity AT sahandjorfi applicationofoptimumsodiumferrateinzayandehrudriverwaterturbidityremovalnormalandhighturbidity AT tayebetabatabaie applicationofoptimumsodiumferrateinzayandehrudriverwaterturbidityremovalnormalandhighturbidity AT abdolrahimpazira applicationofoptimumsodiumferrateinzayandehrudriverwaterturbidityremovalnormalandhighturbidity |