Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role?
Bees originally developed their stinging apparatus and venom against members of their own species from other hives or against predatory insects. Nevertheless, the biological and biochemical response of arthropods to bee venom is not well studied. Thus, in this study, the physiological responses of a...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/1/11 |
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| author | Karolina Bodláková Jan Černý Helena Štěrbová Roman Guráň Ondřej Zítka Dalibor Kodrík |
| author_facet | Karolina Bodláková Jan Černý Helena Štěrbová Roman Guráň Ondřej Zítka Dalibor Kodrík |
| author_sort | Karolina Bodláková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bees originally developed their stinging apparatus and venom against members of their own species from other hives or against predatory insects. Nevertheless, the biological and biochemical response of arthropods to bee venom is not well studied. Thus, in this study, the physiological responses of a model insect species (American cockroach, <i>Periplaneta americana</i>) to honeybee venom were investigated. Bee venom toxins elicited severe stress (LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.063 uL venom) resulting in a significant increase in adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in the cockroach central nervous system and haemolymph. Venom treatment induced a large destruction of muscle cell ultrastructure, especially myofibrils and sarcomeres. Interestingly, co-application of venom with cockroach Peram-CAH-II AKH eliminated this effect. Envenomation modulated the levels of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the haemolymph and the activity of digestive amylases, lipases, and proteases in the midgut. Bee venom significantly reduced vitellogenin levels in females. Dopamine and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) insignificantly increased after venom treatment. However, dopamine levels significantly increased after Peram-CAH-II application and after co-application with bee venom, while GSH and GSSG levels immediately increased after co-application. The results suggest a general reaction of the cockroach body to bee venom and at least a partial involvement of AKHs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:24:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55ef71d014b347a8be4b71903b33b0a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:24:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-55ef71d014b347a8be4b71903b33b0a12023-11-23T15:35:34ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-12-011411110.3390/toxins14010011Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role?Karolina Bodláková0Jan Černý1Helena Štěrbová2Roman Guráň3Ondřej Zítka4Dalibor Kodrík5Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicBiology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicBiology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00 Brno, Czech RepublicBiology Centre, Institute of Entomology, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicBees originally developed their stinging apparatus and venom against members of their own species from other hives or against predatory insects. Nevertheless, the biological and biochemical response of arthropods to bee venom is not well studied. Thus, in this study, the physiological responses of a model insect species (American cockroach, <i>Periplaneta americana</i>) to honeybee venom were investigated. Bee venom toxins elicited severe stress (LD<sub>50</sub> = 1.063 uL venom) resulting in a significant increase in adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) in the cockroach central nervous system and haemolymph. Venom treatment induced a large destruction of muscle cell ultrastructure, especially myofibrils and sarcomeres. Interestingly, co-application of venom with cockroach Peram-CAH-II AKH eliminated this effect. Envenomation modulated the levels of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins in the haemolymph and the activity of digestive amylases, lipases, and proteases in the midgut. Bee venom significantly reduced vitellogenin levels in females. Dopamine and glutathione (GSH and GSSG) insignificantly increased after venom treatment. However, dopamine levels significantly increased after Peram-CAH-II application and after co-application with bee venom, while GSH and GSSG levels immediately increased after co-application. The results suggest a general reaction of the cockroach body to bee venom and at least a partial involvement of AKHs.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/1/11adipokinetic hormoneAmerican cockroachdopaminehoney beemelittinmetabolism |
| spellingShingle | Karolina Bodláková Jan Černý Helena Štěrbová Roman Guráň Ondřej Zítka Dalibor Kodrík Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? Toxins adipokinetic hormone American cockroach dopamine honey bee melittin metabolism |
| title | Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? |
| title_full | Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? |
| title_fullStr | Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? |
| title_short | Insect Body Defence Reactions against Bee Venom: Do Adipokinetic Hormones Play a Role? |
| title_sort | insect body defence reactions against bee venom do adipokinetic hormones play a role |
| topic | adipokinetic hormone American cockroach dopamine honey bee melittin metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/1/11 |
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