Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats
Arsenic (As) is a toxic contaminant present in organic and inorganic forms in the environment. Nobiletin (NOB) is a polymethoxy flavone that has recently gained substantial consideration due to its curative impacts. The present experiment was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective efficiency of NO...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/110 |
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| author | Muhammad Umar Ijaz Aqsa Ahmed Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim Fahad Al-Misned Mian Nadeem Riaz Zahid Ali Kaimkhani Shahid Mahboob |
| author_facet | Muhammad Umar Ijaz Aqsa Ahmed Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim Fahad Al-Misned Mian Nadeem Riaz Zahid Ali Kaimkhani Shahid Mahboob |
| author_sort | Muhammad Umar Ijaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arsenic (As) is a toxic contaminant present in organic and inorganic forms in the environment. Nobiletin (NOB) is a polymethoxy flavone that has recently gained substantial consideration due to its curative impacts. The present experiment was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective efficiency of NOB on As-generated hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four adult rats were equally distributed into four groups and designated as control, As (50 mg/kg)-treated, As + NOB (50 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively), and NOB (25 mg/kg)-treated groups. After 30 days, experimental animals were decapitated, then blood and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. The group treated with As showed a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), and total antioxidant status (TAS), and a substantial increase in the accumulation of As in liver tissues, levels of total oxidant status (TOS), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Significant increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in As-treated rats. Moreover, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 activity, as well as the levels of pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) were increased on exposure to As. In contrast, the anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) level was significantly decreased. As administration showed a significant disturbance in hepatic tissue histology. However, cotreatment of NOB with As considerably increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, with a noteworthy reduction in the deposition of As in hepatic tissues, TBARS, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. NOB-administrated rats showed considerable recovery in terms of inflammation, apoptosis, and histological damage. Hence, NOB can be considered a useful curative compound due to its medicinal properties against As-prompted hepatotoxicity. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-55f89a2d7369475991b6ef112c9a68532023-11-16T23:37:05ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-01-0111211010.3390/toxics11020110Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino RatsMuhammad Umar Ijaz0Aqsa Ahmed1Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim2Fahad Al-Misned3Mian Nadeem Riaz4Zahid Ali Kaimkhani5Shahid Mahboob6Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaTexas A&M University, College Station, TX 2476, USACollege of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaArsenic (As) is a toxic contaminant present in organic and inorganic forms in the environment. Nobiletin (NOB) is a polymethoxy flavone that has recently gained substantial consideration due to its curative impacts. The present experiment was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective efficiency of NOB on As-generated hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four adult rats were equally distributed into four groups and designated as control, As (50 mg/kg)-treated, As + NOB (50 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively), and NOB (25 mg/kg)-treated groups. After 30 days, experimental animals were decapitated, then blood and tissue samples were collected for further analysis. The group treated with As showed a significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), and total antioxidant status (TAS), and a substantial increase in the accumulation of As in liver tissues, levels of total oxidant status (TOS), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Significant increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in As-treated rats. Moreover, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 activity, as well as the levels of pro-apoptotic markers (Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) were increased on exposure to As. In contrast, the anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) level was significantly decreased. As administration showed a significant disturbance in hepatic tissue histology. However, cotreatment of NOB with As considerably increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, with a noteworthy reduction in the deposition of As in hepatic tissues, TBARS, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> levels. NOB-administrated rats showed considerable recovery in terms of inflammation, apoptosis, and histological damage. Hence, NOB can be considered a useful curative compound due to its medicinal properties against As-prompted hepatotoxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/110arsenicreactive oxygen speciesinflammationapoptosisnobiletinantioxidant |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Umar Ijaz Aqsa Ahmed Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim Fahad Al-Misned Mian Nadeem Riaz Zahid Ali Kaimkhani Shahid Mahboob Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats Toxics arsenic reactive oxygen species inflammation apoptosis nobiletin antioxidant |
| title | Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Possible Protective Role of Nobiletin against Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Rats |
| title_sort | evaluation of the possible protective role of nobiletin against arsenic induced liver damage in male albino rats |
| topic | arsenic reactive oxygen species inflammation apoptosis nobiletin antioxidant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/2/110 |
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