Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations
The commercial launch of dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops has resulted in increased dicamba usage and a high number of dicamba off-target movement complaints on sensitive soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> L.). Dicamba is a synthetic auxin and low dosages as 0.028 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup> c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/772 |
| _version_ | 1797566728614445056 |
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| author | Frances B. Browne Xiao Li Katilyn J Price Jianping Wang Yi Wang Greg R Kruger Jeff Golus Gabrielle de Castro Macedo Bruno C. Vieira Tyler Sandlin |
| author_facet | Frances B. Browne Xiao Li Katilyn J Price Jianping Wang Yi Wang Greg R Kruger Jeff Golus Gabrielle de Castro Macedo Bruno C. Vieira Tyler Sandlin |
| author_sort | Frances B. Browne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The commercial launch of dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops has resulted in increased dicamba usage and a high number of dicamba off-target movement complaints on sensitive soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> L.). Dicamba is a synthetic auxin and low dosages as 0.028 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup> can induce injury on sensitive soybean. Tank contamination has been identified as one of the sources for unintended sensitive crop exposure. The labels of new dicamba formulations require a triple rinse cleanout procedure following applications. Cleanout efficacy might vary based on the sprayer type and procedure followed. This study was performed to quantify dicamba retention in commercial sprayers and assess the risk for crop injury from remaining contaminants. The results indicate triple rinse with water was comparable to cleanout procedures utilizing ammonium, commercial tank cleaners, and glyphosate in rinses. Dicamba contaminants in final rinsates resulted in <15% visual injury and no yield response when applied to sensitive soybeans at R1 stage. A survey of 25 agricultural sprayers demonstrated a cleanout efficacy of 99.996% by triple rinsing with water following applications of dicamba at 560 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>, with concentrations of less than 1 ug mL<sup>−1</sup> detected rinsates from the fourth rinse. A dose response experiment predicted dosages causing 5% visual injury and the yield losses were 0.1185 and 2.8525 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>. However, symptomology was observed for all tested dosages, including the rate as low as 0.03 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results from this study suggest triple rinsing with sufficient amount of water (≥10% of tank volume) is adequate for the removal of dicamba residues from sprayers to avoid sensitive soybean damage. This study can provide producers with confidence in cleanout procedures following dicamba applications, and aid in minimizing risk for off-target movement through tank contamination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:30:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55fffc43849141219777fb204b705f60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:30:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-55fffc43849141219777fb204b705f602023-11-20T02:07:48ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110677210.3390/agronomy10060772Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination ConcentrationsFrances B. Browne0Xiao Li1Katilyn J Price2Jianping Wang3Yi Wang4Greg R Kruger5Jeff Golus6Gabrielle de Castro Macedo7Bruno C. Vieira8Tyler Sandlin9Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USABiosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USADepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USADepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USADepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USADepartment of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USADepartment of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Belle Mina, AL 35615, USAThe commercial launch of dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops has resulted in increased dicamba usage and a high number of dicamba off-target movement complaints on sensitive soybeans (<i>Glycine max</i> L.). Dicamba is a synthetic auxin and low dosages as 0.028 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup> can induce injury on sensitive soybean. Tank contamination has been identified as one of the sources for unintended sensitive crop exposure. The labels of new dicamba formulations require a triple rinse cleanout procedure following applications. Cleanout efficacy might vary based on the sprayer type and procedure followed. This study was performed to quantify dicamba retention in commercial sprayers and assess the risk for crop injury from remaining contaminants. The results indicate triple rinse with water was comparable to cleanout procedures utilizing ammonium, commercial tank cleaners, and glyphosate in rinses. Dicamba contaminants in final rinsates resulted in <15% visual injury and no yield response when applied to sensitive soybeans at R1 stage. A survey of 25 agricultural sprayers demonstrated a cleanout efficacy of 99.996% by triple rinsing with water following applications of dicamba at 560 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>, with concentrations of less than 1 ug mL<sup>−1</sup> detected rinsates from the fourth rinse. A dose response experiment predicted dosages causing 5% visual injury and the yield losses were 0.1185 and 2.8525 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>. However, symptomology was observed for all tested dosages, including the rate as low as 0.03 g ae ha<sup>−1</sup>. The results from this study suggest triple rinsing with sufficient amount of water (≥10% of tank volume) is adequate for the removal of dicamba residues from sprayers to avoid sensitive soybean damage. This study can provide producers with confidence in cleanout procedures following dicamba applications, and aid in minimizing risk for off-target movement through tank contamination.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/772tank contaminationdicamba off-target movementdicamba dose responsesoybean yield lossvisual injurysprayer tank cleaning |
| spellingShingle | Frances B. Browne Xiao Li Katilyn J Price Jianping Wang Yi Wang Greg R Kruger Jeff Golus Gabrielle de Castro Macedo Bruno C. Vieira Tyler Sandlin Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations Agronomy tank contamination dicamba off-target movement dicamba dose response soybean yield loss visual injury sprayer tank cleaning |
| title | Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations |
| title_full | Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations |
| title_fullStr | Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations |
| title_short | Dicamba Retention in Commercial Sprayers Following Triple Rinse Cleanout Procedures, and Soybean Response to Contamination Concentrations |
| title_sort | dicamba retention in commercial sprayers following triple rinse cleanout procedures and soybean response to contamination concentrations |
| topic | tank contamination dicamba off-target movement dicamba dose response soybean yield loss visual injury sprayer tank cleaning |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/6/772 |
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