Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan
The present study focused on rapid urbanization due to the change in the existing landforms which has caused substantial adverse impacts on Urban Thermal Environment. In the present study, we have acquired the Landsat data (TM and OLI) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to observe the land use...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.897397/full |
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| author | Nasir Farid Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam Sajid Rashid Ahmad Rosa Coluzzi Maria Lanfredi |
| author_facet | Nasir Farid Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam Sajid Rashid Ahmad Rosa Coluzzi Maria Lanfredi |
| author_sort | Nasir Farid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study focused on rapid urbanization due to the change in the existing landforms which has caused substantial adverse impacts on Urban Thermal Environment. In the present study, we have acquired the Landsat data (TM and OLI) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to observe the land use changes (vegetation cover, built up land, barren land, and water) in Lahore using the supervised image classification method. Later, the impact of urbanization has been examined with Land Surface Temperature (LST) and eventually the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) has been calculated. Accuracy of the classified images revealed an overall accuracy (Kappa co-efficient) of 95.3% (0.929%), 92.05% (0.870%), 89.7% (0.891%), and 85.8% (0.915%) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. It was found that vegetation cover decreased from 60.5% in 1990 to 47.7% in 2020 at the cost of urbanization. The overall built-up land increased by 23.52% from 1990 to 2020. Urbanization has influenced the LST, and it was examined that maximum LST consistently increased with increase in built-up land. The difference between urban and rural buffer reveals that SUHI has also been increasing over the years. SUHI has been raised from 1.72 C in 1990 to 2.41 C in 2020, and about 0.69 C relative change has been observed. It has also been observed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST have an inverse relationship. The research outcomes of this study are useful for urban climatologists, urban planners, architects, and policymakers to devise climate resilient policies, structure, and decisions to balance the urban green spaces for a healthy urban environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:48:43Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6187 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T01:48:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-5604febbaa794ec9ab3c4c4bd741be932023-01-03T07:19:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Remote Sensing2673-61872022-05-01310.3389/frsen.2022.897397897397Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of PakistanNasir Farid0Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam1Sajid Rashid Ahmad2Rosa Coluzzi3Maria Lanfredi4College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South KoreaCollege of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanInstitute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, Italian National Research Council, Tito Scalo, ItalyInstitute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, Italian National Research Council, Tito Scalo, ItalyThe present study focused on rapid urbanization due to the change in the existing landforms which has caused substantial adverse impacts on Urban Thermal Environment. In the present study, we have acquired the Landsat data (TM and OLI) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 to observe the land use changes (vegetation cover, built up land, barren land, and water) in Lahore using the supervised image classification method. Later, the impact of urbanization has been examined with Land Surface Temperature (LST) and eventually the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) has been calculated. Accuracy of the classified images revealed an overall accuracy (Kappa co-efficient) of 95.3% (0.929%), 92.05% (0.870%), 89.7% (0.891%), and 85.8% (0.915%) for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, respectively. It was found that vegetation cover decreased from 60.5% in 1990 to 47.7% in 2020 at the cost of urbanization. The overall built-up land increased by 23.52% from 1990 to 2020. Urbanization has influenced the LST, and it was examined that maximum LST consistently increased with increase in built-up land. The difference between urban and rural buffer reveals that SUHI has also been increasing over the years. SUHI has been raised from 1.72 C in 1990 to 2.41 C in 2020, and about 0.69 C relative change has been observed. It has also been observed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST have an inverse relationship. The research outcomes of this study are useful for urban climatologists, urban planners, architects, and policymakers to devise climate resilient policies, structure, and decisions to balance the urban green spaces for a healthy urban environment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.897397/fulllandsatimage classificationerror matrixurbanizationLSTSUHI |
| spellingShingle | Nasir Farid Muhammad Farhan Ul Moazzam Sajid Rashid Ahmad Rosa Coluzzi Maria Lanfredi Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan Frontiers in Remote Sensing landsat image classification error matrix urbanization LST SUHI |
| title | Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan |
| title_full | Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan |
| title_short | Monitoring the Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature and Assessment of Surface Urban Heat Island Using Landsat in Megacity (Lahore) of Pakistan |
| title_sort | monitoring the impact of rapid urbanization on land surface temperature and assessment of surface urban heat island using landsat in megacity lahore of pakistan |
| topic | landsat image classification error matrix urbanization LST SUHI |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2022.897397/full |
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