Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences
Abstract Purpose There are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Brain and Behavior |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2549 |
| _version_ | 1797737281376747520 |
|---|---|
| author | Zohreh Mahmoodi Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Mahnoosh Rostami Nooshin Ghavidel |
| author_facet | Zohreh Mahmoodi Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Mahnoosh Rostami Nooshin Ghavidel |
| author_sort | Zohreh Mahmoodi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose There are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly using an SEM by gender differences. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 739 elderly people in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. Sociodemographic, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL90‐R), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were applied to evaluate the relationships between happiness, mental health, and sociodemographic factors by using statistical path analysis with Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS‐17. Results Overall, 55.5% of the participants in the study were female. The SCL90 (p value = .000) and happiness (p value = .000) scores showed significant differences between men and women. Fit indices confirmed the high model fitness, desirability, and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model in both men (X2 = 3.2, df = 1) and women (X2 = 5.4, df = 2) groups. According to the path analysis, among the variables that affected happiness just through the direct path, education had the most positive causal relationship in men (B = .13) and women (B = .16), but mental health problems in men (B = −.33) and women (B = −.26), as well as the distance from home to the healthcare center in men (B = −.13) and women (B = −.11), had the most negative causal relationship with happiness respectively. Age was the only variable that was negatively related to happiness through direct and indirect paths in the women (B = −.188). Conclusion We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:26:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-560527a1cf794dbbab415ed4937274c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2162-3279 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T13:26:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain and Behavior |
| spelling | doaj.art-560527a1cf794dbbab415ed4937274c22023-08-25T04:42:55ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792022-05-01125n/an/a10.1002/brb3.2549Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differencesZohreh Mahmoodi0Mansoureh Yazdkhasti1Mahnoosh Rostami2Nooshin Ghavidel3Social Determinants of Health Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj IranNon‐communicable Diseases Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj IranHealth Systems Evaluation & Evidence Provincial Clinical Excellence Alberta Health Services Alberta CanadaSocial Determinants of Health Research Center Alborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj IranAbstract Purpose There are few studies on the gender differences in mental health, happiness, and their related factors among the older population through the structural equation model (SEM) in Iran. We conducted this study to evaluate the factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly using an SEM by gender differences. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 739 elderly people in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. Sociodemographic, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL90‐R), and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were applied to evaluate the relationships between happiness, mental health, and sociodemographic factors by using statistical path analysis with Lisrel 8.8 and SPSS‐17. Results Overall, 55.5% of the participants in the study were female. The SCL90 (p value = .000) and happiness (p value = .000) scores showed significant differences between men and women. Fit indices confirmed the high model fitness, desirability, and logical relationships between the variables according to the conceptual model in both men (X2 = 3.2, df = 1) and women (X2 = 5.4, df = 2) groups. According to the path analysis, among the variables that affected happiness just through the direct path, education had the most positive causal relationship in men (B = .13) and women (B = .16), but mental health problems in men (B = −.33) and women (B = −.26), as well as the distance from home to the healthcare center in men (B = −.13) and women (B = −.11), had the most negative causal relationship with happiness respectively. Age was the only variable that was negatively related to happiness through direct and indirect paths in the women (B = −.188). Conclusion We provided an empirical model that illustrates the relationships between happiness, mental health, and related factors in the older population. Gender differences in path analysis showed that age negatively affects the happiness of older women but not men.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2549elderlyhappinessmental healthpath analysispsychological status |
| spellingShingle | Zohreh Mahmoodi Mansoureh Yazdkhasti Mahnoosh Rostami Nooshin Ghavidel Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences Brain and Behavior elderly happiness mental health path analysis psychological status |
| title | Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences |
| title_full | Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences |
| title_fullStr | Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences |
| title_short | Factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly: A structural equation model by gender differences |
| title_sort | factors affecting mental health and happiness in the elderly a structural equation model by gender differences |
| topic | elderly happiness mental health path analysis psychological status |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2549 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zohrehmahmoodi factorsaffectingmentalhealthandhappinessintheelderlyastructuralequationmodelbygenderdifferences AT mansourehyazdkhasti factorsaffectingmentalhealthandhappinessintheelderlyastructuralequationmodelbygenderdifferences AT mahnooshrostami factorsaffectingmentalhealthandhappinessintheelderlyastructuralequationmodelbygenderdifferences AT nooshinghavidel factorsaffectingmentalhealthandhappinessintheelderlyastructuralequationmodelbygenderdifferences |