Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study
The state of Indiana maintains approximately 120 salt storage facilities strategically distributed across the state for winter operations. In April 2023, those facilities contained approximately 217,000 tons of salt with an estimated value of USD 21 million. Accurate inventories at each facility dur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/410 |
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| author | Justin Anthony Mahlberg Haydn Malackowski Mina Joseph Yerassyl Koshan Raja Manish Zach DeLoach Ayman Habib Darcy M. Bullock |
| author_facet | Justin Anthony Mahlberg Haydn Malackowski Mina Joseph Yerassyl Koshan Raja Manish Zach DeLoach Ayman Habib Darcy M. Bullock |
| author_sort | Justin Anthony Mahlberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The state of Indiana maintains approximately 120 salt storage facilities strategically distributed across the state for winter operations. In April 2023, those facilities contained approximately 217,000 tons of salt with an estimated value of USD 21 million. Accurate inventories at each facility during the winter season are important for scheduling re-supply so the facilities do not run out of salt. Inventories are also important at the end of the season for restocking to provide balanced inventories. This paper describes the implementation of a portable pole-mounted LiDAR system to measure salt stockpile inventory at 120 salt storage facilities in Indiana. Using two INDOT staff members, the end-of-season inventory took 9 working days, with volumetric inventories provided within 24 h of data collection. To provide an independent evaluation of the methodologies, the Hovermap ST backpack was used at selected facilities to provide control volumes. This system has a range of 100 m and an accuracy of ±3 cm, which reduces the occlusion to less than 8%. The pre-season facility capacity ranged from 0% to 100%, with an average of 66% full across all facilities. The post-season facility percentage ranged from 3% to 100%, with an average of 70% full. In addition, permanent roof-mounted LiDAR systems were deployed at two facilities to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring salt stockpile inventories during winter operation activities. Plans are now underway to install fixed LiDAR systems at 15 additional facilities for the 2023–2024 winter season. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5605312233634e97aa2cb90d40cf4001 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:20Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-5605312233634e97aa2cb90d40cf40012024-01-26T18:20:05ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-01-0116241010.3390/rs16020410Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case StudyJustin Anthony Mahlberg0Haydn Malackowski1Mina Joseph2Yerassyl Koshan3Raja Manish4Zach DeLoach5Ayman Habib6Darcy M. Bullock7Joint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAIndiana Department of Transportation, 100 N Senate Ave, Marion County, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAJoint Transportation Research Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USAThe state of Indiana maintains approximately 120 salt storage facilities strategically distributed across the state for winter operations. In April 2023, those facilities contained approximately 217,000 tons of salt with an estimated value of USD 21 million. Accurate inventories at each facility during the winter season are important for scheduling re-supply so the facilities do not run out of salt. Inventories are also important at the end of the season for restocking to provide balanced inventories. This paper describes the implementation of a portable pole-mounted LiDAR system to measure salt stockpile inventory at 120 salt storage facilities in Indiana. Using two INDOT staff members, the end-of-season inventory took 9 working days, with volumetric inventories provided within 24 h of data collection. To provide an independent evaluation of the methodologies, the Hovermap ST backpack was used at selected facilities to provide control volumes. This system has a range of 100 m and an accuracy of ±3 cm, which reduces the occlusion to less than 8%. The pre-season facility capacity ranged from 0% to 100%, with an average of 66% full across all facilities. The post-season facility percentage ranged from 3% to 100%, with an average of 70% full. In addition, permanent roof-mounted LiDAR systems were deployed at two facilities to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring salt stockpile inventories during winter operation activities. Plans are now underway to install fixed LiDAR systems at 15 additional facilities for the 2023–2024 winter season.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/410LiDARsaltstockpile managementwinter weatherwinter operations |
| spellingShingle | Justin Anthony Mahlberg Haydn Malackowski Mina Joseph Yerassyl Koshan Raja Manish Zach DeLoach Ayman Habib Darcy M. Bullock Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study Remote Sensing LiDAR salt stockpile management winter weather winter operations |
| title | Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study |
| title_full | Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study |
| title_short | Statewide Implementation of Salt Stockpile Inventory Using LiDAR Measurements: Case Study |
| title_sort | statewide implementation of salt stockpile inventory using lidar measurements case study |
| topic | LiDAR salt stockpile management winter weather winter operations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/410 |
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