Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory inf...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Children |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/3/180 |
| _version_ | 1827605009356816384 |
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| author | Melissa Borrelli Giuliana Ponte Erasmo Miele Marco Maglione Carlo Caffarelli Francesca Santamaria |
| author_facet | Melissa Borrelli Giuliana Ponte Erasmo Miele Marco Maglione Carlo Caffarelli Francesca Santamaria |
| author_sort | Melissa Borrelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections receive empirical anti-reflux medications. The causal relationship is still largely discussed. Compared to the large number of studies in infants and adolescents, literature on the relationship between GER and wheeze in preschool children is scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize what is known so far, and what the literature has proposed in the last 20 years, on the relationship between preschool wheezing and GER. In preschool children with respiratory symptoms there is a high rate of positivity of reflux testing, for this reason pH-MII testing and endoscopy are recommended. Flexible bronchoscopy may be useful to exclude anatomical abnormalities as the cause of wheezing in infancy and preschool years. Several biomarkers, as well as empirical anti-reflux therapy, have been proposed for the diagnosis of GER-related airway diseases, but the conclusions of these studies are controversial or even conflicting. There is a great need for future clinical trials to confirm or rule out the association. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:12:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-560ab23be9b74e30baff107510881054 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:12:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj.art-560ab23be9b74e30baff1075108810542023-12-03T11:56:25ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672021-02-018318010.3390/children8030180Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from LiteratureMelissa Borrelli0Giuliana Ponte1Erasmo Miele2Marco Maglione3Carlo Caffarelli4Francesca Santamaria5Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, ItalyGastroesophageal reflux (GER) and wheeze are two common conditions in children. GER has been advocated as a causative factor for explaining recurrent to persistent respiratory symptoms at any age. This association very often means that many children with cough, wheezing, or recurrent respiratory infections receive empirical anti-reflux medications. The causal relationship is still largely discussed. Compared to the large number of studies in infants and adolescents, literature on the relationship between GER and wheeze in preschool children is scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present narrative review was to summarize what is known so far, and what the literature has proposed in the last 20 years, on the relationship between preschool wheezing and GER. In preschool children with respiratory symptoms there is a high rate of positivity of reflux testing, for this reason pH-MII testing and endoscopy are recommended. Flexible bronchoscopy may be useful to exclude anatomical abnormalities as the cause of wheezing in infancy and preschool years. Several biomarkers, as well as empirical anti-reflux therapy, have been proposed for the diagnosis of GER-related airway diseases, but the conclusions of these studies are controversial or even conflicting. There is a great need for future clinical trials to confirm or rule out the association.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/3/180gastro-esophageal refluxpreschoolwheezingchildrenrelationship |
| spellingShingle | Melissa Borrelli Giuliana Ponte Erasmo Miele Marco Maglione Carlo Caffarelli Francesca Santamaria Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature Children gastro-esophageal reflux preschool wheezing children relationship |
| title | Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature |
| title_full | Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature |
| title_fullStr | Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature |
| title_short | Preschool Wheezing and Gastro-Esophageal Reflux: --Causal or Casual Coincidence? Update from Literature |
| title_sort | preschool wheezing and gastro esophageal reflux causal or casual coincidence update from literature |
| topic | gastro-esophageal reflux preschool wheezing children relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/3/180 |
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