Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages
Despite the existence of an effective medication against schistosomiasis, the disease remains a major health problem in affected areas, especially for those lacking appropriate sanitary facilities. Moreover, treatment cannot prevent re-infection since it is only effective on adult schistosome worms....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-12-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/19 |
| _version_ | 1797491338065739776 |
|---|---|
| author | Kathrin Arndts Tayseer E. M. Elfaki Michael J. Doenhoff Gnatoulma Katawa Ibtisam A. Goreish Misk El Yemen A. Atti El Mekki Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Laura E. Layland |
| author_facet | Kathrin Arndts Tayseer E. M. Elfaki Michael J. Doenhoff Gnatoulma Katawa Ibtisam A. Goreish Misk El Yemen A. Atti El Mekki Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Laura E. Layland |
| author_sort | Kathrin Arndts |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the existence of an effective medication against schistosomiasis, the disease remains a major health problem in affected areas, especially for those lacking appropriate sanitary facilities. Moreover, treatment cannot prevent re-infection since it is only effective on adult schistosome worms. Previous retrospective studies in the Sudan have discovered unique immuno-epidemiological profiles in uninfected individuals and those positive for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but egg-negative and those with eggs in their stool. Expanding on these data, serum samples from these individuals were further investigated for the presence of cercarial (<i>Sm</i>CTF)-specific antibodies, which would indicate immune responses at the early stages of infection. Indeed, <i>Sm</i>CTF IgG1, 2, 3 and 4 levels were significantly elevated in <i>Sm</i>PCR<sup>+</sup> individuals when compared to egg<sup>+</sup> patients. Following multivariable regression analysis, including <i>Sm</i>CTF-specific Igs, <i>Schistosoma</i> egg antigen (SEA)-specific and <i>Schistosoma</i> worm antigen (SWA)-specific immunoglobulins revealed a specific immunoglobulin (Ig) profile of individuals presenting different states of infection, which may be a useful future tool in order to identify egg<sup>−</sup> individuals and thereby prevent unnecessary treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:46:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-560f76035ff8436a8c49f7e81dc92437 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:46:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-560f76035ff8436a8c49f7e81dc924372023-11-23T14:59:09ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-12-011111910.3390/pathogens11010019Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection StagesKathrin Arndts0Tayseer E. M. Elfaki1Michael J. Doenhoff2Gnatoulma Katawa3Ibtisam A. Goreish4Misk El Yemen A. Atti El Mekki5Achim Hoerauf6Manuel Ritter7Laura E. Layland8Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53127 Bonn, GermanyDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 13311, SudanSchool of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKUnité de Recherche en Immunologie et Immunomodulation (UR2IM), Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA), University of Lome, Lomé BP 1515, TogoAnimal Resources Research Corporation, Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rangelands, Khartoum 13311, SudanDepartment of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum 13311, SudanInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53127 Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53127 Bonn, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn (UKB), 53127 Bonn, GermanyDespite the existence of an effective medication against schistosomiasis, the disease remains a major health problem in affected areas, especially for those lacking appropriate sanitary facilities. Moreover, treatment cannot prevent re-infection since it is only effective on adult schistosome worms. Previous retrospective studies in the Sudan have discovered unique immuno-epidemiological profiles in uninfected individuals and those positive for <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but egg-negative and those with eggs in their stool. Expanding on these data, serum samples from these individuals were further investigated for the presence of cercarial (<i>Sm</i>CTF)-specific antibodies, which would indicate immune responses at the early stages of infection. Indeed, <i>Sm</i>CTF IgG1, 2, 3 and 4 levels were significantly elevated in <i>Sm</i>PCR<sup>+</sup> individuals when compared to egg<sup>+</sup> patients. Following multivariable regression analysis, including <i>Sm</i>CTF-specific Igs, <i>Schistosoma</i> egg antigen (SEA)-specific and <i>Schistosoma</i> worm antigen (SWA)-specific immunoglobulins revealed a specific immunoglobulin (Ig) profile of individuals presenting different states of infection, which may be a useful future tool in order to identify egg<sup>−</sup> individuals and thereby prevent unnecessary treatments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/19<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>Sudancercarial transformation fluid (<i>Sm</i>CTF)immunoglobulinsmultivariable regression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Kathrin Arndts Tayseer E. M. Elfaki Michael J. Doenhoff Gnatoulma Katawa Ibtisam A. Goreish Misk El Yemen A. Atti El Mekki Achim Hoerauf Manuel Ritter Laura E. Layland Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages Pathogens <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Sudan cercarial transformation fluid (<i>Sm</i>CTF) immunoglobulins multivariable regression analysis |
| title | Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages |
| title_full | Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages |
| title_fullStr | Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages |
| title_short | Distinct <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-Specific Immunoglobulin Subclasses Are Induced by Different <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Stages—A Tool to Decipher <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Infection Stages |
| title_sort | distinct i schistosoma mansoni i specific immunoglobulin subclasses are induced by different i schistosoma mansoni i stages a tool to decipher i schistosoma mansoni i infection stages |
| topic | <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> Sudan cercarial transformation fluid (<i>Sm</i>CTF) immunoglobulins multivariable regression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/1/19 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kathrinarndts distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT tayseeremelfaki distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT michaeljdoenhoff distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT gnatoulmakatawa distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT ibtisamagoreish distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT miskelyemenaattielmekki distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT achimhoerauf distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT manuelritter distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages AT lauraelayland distinctischistosomamansoniispecificimmunoglobulinsubclassesareinducedbydifferentischistosomamansoniistagesatooltodecipherischistosomamansoniiinfectionstages |