Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media
Using straightforward and cost-effective methods, persimmon leaves were converted into high-quality powder. This powder was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of particles with non-homogeneous...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| author | Rodrigo Martorelli Galera Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva Alexandre de Oliveira Jorgetto Marcos Henrique Pereira Wondracek Margarida Juri Saeki José Fabián Schneider Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa Marco Autônio Utrera Martines Gustavo Rocha Castro |
| author_facet | Rodrigo Martorelli Galera Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva Alexandre de Oliveira Jorgetto Marcos Henrique Pereira Wondracek Margarida Juri Saeki José Fabián Schneider Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa Marco Autônio Utrera Martines Gustavo Rocha Castro |
| author_sort | Rodrigo Martorelli Galera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using straightforward and cost-effective methods, persimmon leaves were converted into high-quality powder. This powder was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of particles with non-homogeneous sizes and rough textures. The biosorbent exhibited a specific surface area of approximately 0.44 ± 0.015 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. Elemental analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C-NMR), obtained using the cross-polarization technique, show the presence of groups containing sulfur and oxygen. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the existence of amine and hydroxyl groups. The material was used in the solid-phase extraction of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in batch experiments, and its adsorption capacity was evaluated as a function of time, pH, and analyte concentration. The fraction with a diameter between 63 and 106 μm was selected for the adsorption tests. Kinetic equilibrium was reached within 5 min, and the experimental data were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for the adsorption of both metal species was approximately 5.0. The adsorption isotherms were adjusted using the modified Langmuir equation, and the maximum amount of metal species extracted from the solution was determined to be 0.213 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> for Cu(II) and 0.215 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> for Cd(II), with high linear correlation coefficients for both metals. Persimmon leaves are typically abundant during the growing season, and because they are seasonal, the <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. tree undergoes the natural process of leaf abscission, ensuring the availability of leaves for application. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:21Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-561aa478bbe6419a864d080a7aefdf482024-01-26T18:27:24ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-12-011111210.3390/separations11010012Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous MediaRodrigo Martorelli Galera0Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva1Alexandre de Oliveira Jorgetto2Marcos Henrique Pereira Wondracek3Margarida Juri Saeki4José Fabián Schneider5Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa6Marco Autônio Utrera Martines7Gustavo Rocha Castro8Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu-UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, BrazilChemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu-UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, BrazilInterdisciplinary Laboratory of Nanostructures and Semiconductors (LINSE-IQ-UNESP), Rua Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, BrazilFaculty of Science and Technology, University of Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados 79804-970, MS, BrazilChemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu-UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, BrazilInstituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, BrazilChemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu-UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, BrazilInstitute of Chemistry, INQUI—Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, BrazilChemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu-UNESP, C.P. 510, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, BrazilUsing straightforward and cost-effective methods, persimmon leaves were converted into high-quality powder. This powder was applied as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of particles with non-homogeneous sizes and rough textures. The biosorbent exhibited a specific surface area of approximately 0.44 ± 0.015 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. Elemental analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen. The results of <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>13</sup>C-NMR), obtained using the cross-polarization technique, show the presence of groups containing sulfur and oxygen. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the existence of amine and hydroxyl groups. The material was used in the solid-phase extraction of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in batch experiments, and its adsorption capacity was evaluated as a function of time, pH, and analyte concentration. The fraction with a diameter between 63 and 106 μm was selected for the adsorption tests. Kinetic equilibrium was reached within 5 min, and the experimental data were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The optimum pH for the adsorption of both metal species was approximately 5.0. The adsorption isotherms were adjusted using the modified Langmuir equation, and the maximum amount of metal species extracted from the solution was determined to be 0.213 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> for Cu(II) and 0.215 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> for Cd(II), with high linear correlation coefficients for both metals. Persimmon leaves are typically abundant during the growing season, and because they are seasonal, the <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. tree undergoes the natural process of leaf abscission, ensuring the availability of leaves for application.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/1/12adsorptionheavy metalspersimmon leavescopper ionscadmium ionsaqueous solutions |
| spellingShingle | Rodrigo Martorelli Galera Adrielli Cristina Peres da Silva Alexandre de Oliveira Jorgetto Marcos Henrique Pereira Wondracek Margarida Juri Saeki José Fabián Schneider Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa Marco Autônio Utrera Martines Gustavo Rocha Castro Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media Separations adsorption heavy metals persimmon leaves copper ions cadmium ions aqueous solutions |
| title | Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_full | Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_fullStr | Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_short | Application of the Biomass of Leaves of <i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.f. (Ebenaceae) in the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Media |
| title_sort | application of the biomass of leaves of i diospyros kaki i l f ebenaceae in the removal of metal ions from aqueous media |
| topic | adsorption heavy metals persimmon leaves copper ions cadmium ions aqueous solutions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/11/1/12 |
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