Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap
For future sustainable seawater desalination, the importance of achieving better energy efficiency of the existing 19,500 commercial-scale desalination plants cannot be over emphasized. The major concern of the desalination industry is the inadequate approach to energy efficiency evaluation of diver...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/84 |
| _version_ | 1828109635537600512 |
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| author | Muhammad Wakil Shahzad Muhammad Burhan Doskhan Ybyraiymkul Kim Choon Ng |
| author_facet | Muhammad Wakil Shahzad Muhammad Burhan Doskhan Ybyraiymkul Kim Choon Ng |
| author_sort | Muhammad Wakil Shahzad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For future sustainable seawater desalination, the importance of achieving better energy efficiency of the existing 19,500 commercial-scale desalination plants cannot be over emphasized. The major concern of the desalination industry is the inadequate approach to energy efficiency evaluation of diverse seawater desalination processes by omitting the grade of energy supplied. These conventional approaches would suffice if the efficacy comparison were to be conducted for the same energy input processes. The misconception of considering all derived energies as equivalent in the desalination industry has severe economic and environmental consequences. In the realms of the energy and desalination system planners, serious judgmental errors in the process selection of green installations are made unconsciously as the efficacy data are either flawed or inaccurate. Inferior efficacy technologies’ implementation decisions were observed in many water-stressed countries that can burden a country’s economy immediately with higher unit energy cost as well as cause more undesirable environmental effects on the surroundings. In this article, a standard primary energy-based thermodynamic framework is presented that addresses energy efficacy fairly and accurately. It shows clearly that a thermally driven process consumes 2.5–3% of standard primary energy (SPE) when combined with power plants. A standard universal performance ratio-based evaluation method has been proposed that showed all desalination processes performance varies from 10–14% of the thermodynamic limit. To achieve 2030 sustainability goals, innovative processes are required to meet 25–30% of the thermodynamic limit. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:07:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-562349c938d241d8b6a194247ed9e81f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1099-4300 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T11:07:22Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Entropy |
| spelling | doaj.art-562349c938d241d8b6a194247ed9e81f2022-12-22T04:28:16ZengMDPI AGEntropy1099-43002019-01-012118410.3390/e21010084e21010084Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future RoadmapMuhammad Wakil Shahzad0Muhammad Burhan1Doskhan Ybyraiymkul2Kim Choon Ng3Water Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaWater Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaWater Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaWater Desalination and Reuse Centre, King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi ArabiaFor future sustainable seawater desalination, the importance of achieving better energy efficiency of the existing 19,500 commercial-scale desalination plants cannot be over emphasized. The major concern of the desalination industry is the inadequate approach to energy efficiency evaluation of diverse seawater desalination processes by omitting the grade of energy supplied. These conventional approaches would suffice if the efficacy comparison were to be conducted for the same energy input processes. The misconception of considering all derived energies as equivalent in the desalination industry has severe economic and environmental consequences. In the realms of the energy and desalination system planners, serious judgmental errors in the process selection of green installations are made unconsciously as the efficacy data are either flawed or inaccurate. Inferior efficacy technologies’ implementation decisions were observed in many water-stressed countries that can burden a country’s economy immediately with higher unit energy cost as well as cause more undesirable environmental effects on the surroundings. In this article, a standard primary energy-based thermodynamic framework is presented that addresses energy efficacy fairly and accurately. It shows clearly that a thermally driven process consumes 2.5–3% of standard primary energy (SPE) when combined with power plants. A standard universal performance ratio-based evaluation method has been proposed that showed all desalination processes performance varies from 10–14% of the thermodynamic limit. To achieve 2030 sustainability goals, innovative processes are required to meet 25–30% of the thermodynamic limit.http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/84standard primary energyprimary energystandard universal performance ratiodesalination |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Wakil Shahzad Muhammad Burhan Doskhan Ybyraiymkul Kim Choon Ng Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap Entropy standard primary energy primary energy standard universal performance ratio desalination |
| title | Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap |
| title_full | Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap |
| title_fullStr | Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap |
| title_full_unstemmed | Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap |
| title_short | Desalination Processes’ Efficiency and Future Roadmap |
| title_sort | desalination processes efficiency and future roadmap |
| topic | standard primary energy primary energy standard universal performance ratio desalination |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/21/1/84 |
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