Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection
Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926/full |
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| author | Zhengtao Guo Zhengtao Guo Qinggang Xie Qiqi Ren Yang Liu Kaifeng Li Bailiang Li Bailiang Li Jufang Li |
| author_facet | Zhengtao Guo Zhengtao Guo Qinggang Xie Qiqi Ren Yang Liu Kaifeng Li Bailiang Li Bailiang Li Jufang Li |
| author_sort | Zhengtao Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3′-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3′-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3′-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:50:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-562a8dd08e5c42a5979ee2b907c8d7d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:50:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-562a8dd08e5c42a5979ee2b907c8d7d62024-02-15T04:53:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-02-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.12719261271926Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infectionZhengtao Guo0Zhengtao Guo1Qinggang Xie2Qiqi Ren3Yang Liu4Kaifeng Li5Bailiang Li6Bailiang Li7Jufang Li8School of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaFeihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, ChinaFeihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, ChinaFeihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, ChinaFeihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, ChinaSchool of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Dairy Science, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, ChinaFeihe Reseach Institute, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Beijing, ChinaNatural components of breast milk, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and osteopontin (OPN) have been shown to have a variety of functional activities and are widely used in infant formulas. However, the preventive and therapeutic effects of both on influenza viruses are not known. In this study, antiviral assays using a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) showed that 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and OPN had the best antiviral ability with IC50 values of 33.46 μM and 1.65 μM, respectively. 3′-SL (10 μM) and OPN (4 μM) were used in combination to achieve 75% inhibition. Further studies found that the combination of 200 μg/mL of 3′-SL with 500 μg/mL of OPN exerted the best antiviral ability. The reason for this was related to reduced levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS in relation to mRNA expression. Plaque assay and TCID50 assay found the same results and verified synergistic effects. Our research indicates that a combination of 3′-SL and OPN can effectively reduce inflammatory storms and exhibit anti-influenza virus effects through synergistic action.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926/full3′-sialyllactoseosteopontininfluenza virusimmune cytokineshuman milk oligosaccharide |
| spellingShingle | Zhengtao Guo Zhengtao Guo Qinggang Xie Qiqi Ren Yang Liu Kaifeng Li Bailiang Li Bailiang Li Jufang Li Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection Frontiers in Immunology 3′-sialyllactose osteopontin influenza virus immune cytokines human milk oligosaccharide |
| title | Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| title_full | Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| title_short | Enhancing immune regulation in vitro: the synergistic impact of 3′-sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| title_sort | enhancing immune regulation in vitro the synergistic impact of 3 sialyllactose and osteopontin in a nutrient blend following influenza virus infection |
| topic | 3′-sialyllactose osteopontin influenza virus immune cytokines human milk oligosaccharide |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1271926/full |
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