Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data
We performed a molecular and a comparative cytogenetic analysis on different Helicoidea species and a review of all the available chromosome data on the superfamily to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity. Standard karyotyping, banding techniques, and Fluorescence in situ hybr...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2551 |
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| author | Agnese Petraccioli Paolo Crovato Fabio Maria Guarino Marcello Mezzasalma Gaetano Odierna Orfeo Picariello Nicola Maio |
| author_facet | Agnese Petraccioli Paolo Crovato Fabio Maria Guarino Marcello Mezzasalma Gaetano Odierna Orfeo Picariello Nicola Maio |
| author_sort | Agnese Petraccioli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We performed a molecular and a comparative cytogenetic analysis on different Helicoidea species and a review of all the available chromosome data on the superfamily to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity. Standard karyotyping, banding techniques, and Fluorescence in situ hybridization of Nucleolus Organizer Region loci (NOR-FISH) were performed on fifteen species of three families: two Geomitridae, four Hygromiidae and nine Helicidae. The karyotypes of the studied species varied from 2<i>n</i> = 44 to 2<i>n</i> = 60, highlighting a high karyological diversity. NORs were on a single chromosome pair in <i>Cernuella virgata</i> and on multiple pairs in four Helicidae, representing ancestral and derived conditions, respectively. Heterochromatic C-bands were found on pericentromeric regions of few chromosomes, being Q- and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) negative. NOR-associated heterochromatin was C-banding and chromomycin A<sub>3</sub> (CMA<sub>3</sub>) positive. Considering the available karyological evidence on Helicoidea and superimposing the chromosome data gathered from different sources on available phylogenetic inferences, we describe a karyotype of 2<i>n</i> = 60 with all biarmed elements as the ancestral state in the superfamily. From this condition, an accumulation of chromosome translocations led to karyotypes with a lower chromosome number (2<i>n</i> = 50–44). This process occurred independently in different lineages, while an augment of the chromosome number was detectable in Polygyridae. Chromosome inversions were also relevant chromosome rearrangements in Helicoidea, leading to the formation of telocentric elements in karyotypes with a relatively low chromosome count. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:57:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-562cd3fe239d4404ac69d6759a0b44b32023-11-22T11:41:51ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-08-01119255110.3390/ani11092551Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature DataAgnese Petraccioli0Paolo Crovato1Fabio Maria Guarino2Marcello Mezzasalma3Gaetano Odierna4Orfeo Picariello5Nicola Maio6Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalySocietà Italiana di Malacologia, Via Mezzocannone, 8-80134 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, ItalyWe performed a molecular and a comparative cytogenetic analysis on different Helicoidea species and a review of all the available chromosome data on the superfamily to provide an updated assessment of its karyological diversity. Standard karyotyping, banding techniques, and Fluorescence in situ hybridization of Nucleolus Organizer Region loci (NOR-FISH) were performed on fifteen species of three families: two Geomitridae, four Hygromiidae and nine Helicidae. The karyotypes of the studied species varied from 2<i>n</i> = 44 to 2<i>n</i> = 60, highlighting a high karyological diversity. NORs were on a single chromosome pair in <i>Cernuella virgata</i> and on multiple pairs in four Helicidae, representing ancestral and derived conditions, respectively. Heterochromatic C-bands were found on pericentromeric regions of few chromosomes, being Q- and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) negative. NOR-associated heterochromatin was C-banding and chromomycin A<sub>3</sub> (CMA<sub>3</sub>) positive. Considering the available karyological evidence on Helicoidea and superimposing the chromosome data gathered from different sources on available phylogenetic inferences, we describe a karyotype of 2<i>n</i> = 60 with all biarmed elements as the ancestral state in the superfamily. From this condition, an accumulation of chromosome translocations led to karyotypes with a lower chromosome number (2<i>n</i> = 50–44). This process occurred independently in different lineages, while an augment of the chromosome number was detectable in Polygyridae. Chromosome inversions were also relevant chromosome rearrangements in Helicoidea, leading to the formation of telocentric elements in karyotypes with a relatively low chromosome count.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/255116S rRNA geneevolutionFISHkaryotypemolecular phylogenymollusca |
| spellingShingle | Agnese Petraccioli Paolo Crovato Fabio Maria Guarino Marcello Mezzasalma Gaetano Odierna Orfeo Picariello Nicola Maio Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data Animals 16S rRNA gene evolution FISH karyotype molecular phylogeny mollusca |
| title | Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data |
| title_full | Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data |
| title_fullStr | Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data |
| title_short | Chromosome Diversity and Evolution in Helicoide a (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): A Synthesis from Original and Literature Data |
| title_sort | chromosome diversity and evolution in helicoide a gastropoda stylommatophora a synthesis from original and literature data |
| topic | 16S rRNA gene evolution FISH karyotype molecular phylogeny mollusca |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2551 |
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