A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago
Extant literature investigates the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, however there is a paucity of work examining mental health distress as a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. While systemic variables like income inequality relate to both mental health and COVID-19, more work is needed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Dialogues in Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000910 |
| _version_ | 1827917639755759616 |
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| author | Stephen D. Ramos Lynn Kannout Humza Khan Lynne Klasko-Foster Briana N.C. Chronister Steff Du Bois |
| author_facet | Stephen D. Ramos Lynn Kannout Humza Khan Lynne Klasko-Foster Briana N.C. Chronister Steff Du Bois |
| author_sort | Stephen D. Ramos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extant literature investigates the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, however there is a paucity of work examining mental health distress as a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. While systemic variables like income inequality relate to both mental health and COVID-19, more work is needed to test theoretically informed models including such variables. Using a social-ecological framework, we aimed to address these gaps in the literature by conducting a neighborhood-level analysis of potential mental health distress and systemic- (income inequality) level predictors of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality over time in Chicago. Neighborhood-level comparisons revealed differences in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality, but not reported COVID-19 infection. Specifically, Westside and Southside neighborhoods generally reported higher levels of mental health distress and greater concentration of poverty. The Central neighborhood showed a decline in reported mortality rates over time. Multi-level negative binomial models established that Zip-codes with greater mental health distress were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; Zip-codes with more poverty were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; and Zip-codes with the highest percentage of People of Color were at decreased risk of reported COVID-19 mortality. Taken together, these findings substantiate Chicago neighborhood-level disparities in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality; identify unique differential associations of mental health distress and income inequality to reported COVID-19 infection and reported mortality risk; and, offer an alternative lens towards understanding COVID-19 outcomes in terms of race/ethnicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-562eb913656248cf97b1e1fb654fb80f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2772-6533 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:31:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dialogues in Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-562eb913656248cf97b1e1fb654fb80f2023-06-24T05:20:07ZengElsevierDialogues in Health2772-65332023-12-012100091A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in ChicagoStephen D. Ramos0Lynn Kannout1Humza Khan2Lynne Klasko-Foster3Briana N.C. Chronister4Steff Du Bois5University of California San Diego, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; San Diego State University, SDSU Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92120, USA; Corresponding author at: 6475 Alvarado Rd, Suite 118, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USAIllinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USABrown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RH 02912, USAHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USAIllinois Institute of Technology, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL 60616, USAExtant literature investigates the impact of COVID-19 on mental health outcomes, however there is a paucity of work examining mental health distress as a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. While systemic variables like income inequality relate to both mental health and COVID-19, more work is needed to test theoretically informed models including such variables. Using a social-ecological framework, we aimed to address these gaps in the literature by conducting a neighborhood-level analysis of potential mental health distress and systemic- (income inequality) level predictors of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality over time in Chicago. Neighborhood-level comparisons revealed differences in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality, but not reported COVID-19 infection. Specifically, Westside and Southside neighborhoods generally reported higher levels of mental health distress and greater concentration of poverty. The Central neighborhood showed a decline in reported mortality rates over time. Multi-level negative binomial models established that Zip-codes with greater mental health distress were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; Zip-codes with more poverty were at increased reported COVID-19 infection risk, yet lower mortality risk; and Zip-codes with the highest percentage of People of Color were at decreased risk of reported COVID-19 mortality. Taken together, these findings substantiate Chicago neighborhood-level disparities in mental health distress, income inequality, and reported COVID-19 mortality; identify unique differential associations of mental health distress and income inequality to reported COVID-19 infection and reported mortality risk; and, offer an alternative lens towards understanding COVID-19 outcomes in terms of race/ethnicity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000910Income inequalityMental health distressCOVID-19 infectionCOVID-19 mortalityNeighborhood-level analysis |
| spellingShingle | Stephen D. Ramos Lynn Kannout Humza Khan Lynne Klasko-Foster Briana N.C. Chronister Steff Du Bois A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago Dialogues in Health Income inequality Mental health distress COVID-19 infection COVID-19 mortality Neighborhood-level analysis |
| title | A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago |
| title_full | A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago |
| title_fullStr | A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago |
| title_short | A Neighborhood-level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi-longitudinal risk of reported COVID-19 infection and mortality outcomes in Chicago |
| title_sort | neighborhood level analysis of mental health distress and income inequality as quasi longitudinal risk of reported covid 19 infection and mortality outcomes in chicago |
| topic | Income inequality Mental health distress COVID-19 infection COVID-19 mortality Neighborhood-level analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772653322000910 |
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