Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India
The present study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes at each treatment stage of 14 aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities in two states of Rajasthan and Uttarakhand in Northern India. The untreated,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2265 |
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| author | Sudipti Arora Aditi Nag Ankur Rajpal Vinay Kumar Tyagi Satya Brat Tiwari Jasmine Sethi Devanshi Sutaria Jayana Rajvanshi Sonika Saxena Sandeep Kumar Shrivastava Vaibhav Srivastava Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta Absar Ahmed Kazmi Manish Kumar |
| author_facet | Sudipti Arora Aditi Nag Ankur Rajpal Vinay Kumar Tyagi Satya Brat Tiwari Jasmine Sethi Devanshi Sutaria Jayana Rajvanshi Sonika Saxena Sandeep Kumar Shrivastava Vaibhav Srivastava Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta Absar Ahmed Kazmi Manish Kumar |
| author_sort | Sudipti Arora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes at each treatment stage of 14 aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities in two states of Rajasthan and Uttarakhand in Northern India. The untreated, primary, secondary and tertiary treated wastewater samples were collected over a time frame ranging from under-lockdown to post-lockdown conditions. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 out of 40 wastewater samples in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and in 5 out of 14 wastewater samples in the Haridwar District, Uttarakhand with the E gene predominantly observed as compared to the N and RdRp target genes in later time-points of sampling. The Ct values of genes present in wastewater samples were correlated with the incidence of patient and community cases of COVID-19. This study further indicates that the viral RNA could be detected after the primary treatment but was not present in secondary or tertiary treated samples. This study implies that aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are effective in virus removal from the wastewater. This work might present a new indication that there is little to no risk in relation to SARS-CoV-2 while reusing the treated wastewater for non-potable applications. In contrast, untreated wastewater might present a potential route of viral transmission through WWTPs to sanitation workers and the public. However, there is a need to investigate the survival and infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56384545ee84473d8bc09199f4e60251 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:17:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-56384545ee84473d8bc09199f4e602512023-11-22T10:15:10ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412021-08-011316226510.3390/w13162265Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern IndiaSudipti Arora0Aditi Nag1Ankur Rajpal2Vinay Kumar Tyagi3Satya Brat Tiwari4Jasmine Sethi5Devanshi Sutaria6Jayana Rajvanshi7Sonika Saxena8Sandeep Kumar Shrivastava9Vaibhav Srivastava10Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta11Absar Ahmed Kazmi12Manish Kumar13Dr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaDr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, IndiaSchool of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, SingaporeDr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaDr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaDr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaDr. B. Lal Institute of Biotechnology, 6-E, Malaviya Industrial Area, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur 302017, IndiaCentre for Innovation, Research & Development (CIRD), Dr. B. Lal Clinical Laboratory Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur 302017, IndiaDiscipline of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382-355, IndiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, IndiaEnvironmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, IndiaSchool of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, IndiaThe present study investigated the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes at each treatment stage of 14 aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serving the major municipalities in two states of Rajasthan and Uttarakhand in Northern India. The untreated, primary, secondary and tertiary treated wastewater samples were collected over a time frame ranging from under-lockdown to post-lockdown conditions. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 out of 40 wastewater samples in Jaipur district, Rajasthan and in 5 out of 14 wastewater samples in the Haridwar District, Uttarakhand with the E gene predominantly observed as compared to the N and RdRp target genes in later time-points of sampling. The Ct values of genes present in wastewater samples were correlated with the incidence of patient and community cases of COVID-19. This study further indicates that the viral RNA could be detected after the primary treatment but was not present in secondary or tertiary treated samples. This study implies that aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems such as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) are effective in virus removal from the wastewater. This work might present a new indication that there is little to no risk in relation to SARS-CoV-2 while reusing the treated wastewater for non-potable applications. In contrast, untreated wastewater might present a potential route of viral transmission through WWTPs to sanitation workers and the public. However, there is a need to investigate the survival and infection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2265aerobic wastewater treatmentCOVID-19RT-qPCR based detectionSARS-CoV-2sewage surveillancewastewater based epidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Sudipti Arora Aditi Nag Ankur Rajpal Vinay Kumar Tyagi Satya Brat Tiwari Jasmine Sethi Devanshi Sutaria Jayana Rajvanshi Sonika Saxena Sandeep Kumar Shrivastava Vaibhav Srivastava Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta Absar Ahmed Kazmi Manish Kumar Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India Water aerobic wastewater treatment COVID-19 RT-qPCR based detection SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance wastewater based epidemiology |
| title | Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India |
| title_full | Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India |
| title_fullStr | Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India |
| title_short | Imprints of Lockdown and Treatment Processes on the Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: A Curious Case of Fourteen Plants in Northern India |
| title_sort | imprints of lockdown and treatment processes on the wastewater surveillance of sars cov 2 a curious case of fourteen plants in northern india |
| topic | aerobic wastewater treatment COVID-19 RT-qPCR based detection SARS-CoV-2 sewage surveillance wastewater based epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/16/2265 |
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