New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin)
IntroductionThe production of resting cysts is a key dispersal and survival strategy of many dinoflagellate species. However, little is known about the role of suspended cysts in the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) in the initiation and decline of planktonic populations.MethodsIn September 2019, sampl...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1270343/full |
| _version_ | 1797393395977551872 |
|---|---|
| author | Iria García-Moreiras Melissa Hatherly Melissa Hatherly Karin Zonneveld Karin Zonneveld Jesus Dubert Jesus Dubert Rita Nolasco Rita Nolasco Ana Isabel Santos Anabela Oliveira Anabela Oliveira Teresa Moita Paulo B. Oliveira Jorge M. Magalhães Jorge M. Magalhães Ana Amorim Ana Amorim |
| author_facet | Iria García-Moreiras Melissa Hatherly Melissa Hatherly Karin Zonneveld Karin Zonneveld Jesus Dubert Jesus Dubert Rita Nolasco Rita Nolasco Ana Isabel Santos Anabela Oliveira Anabela Oliveira Teresa Moita Paulo B. Oliveira Jorge M. Magalhães Jorge M. Magalhães Ana Amorim Ana Amorim |
| author_sort | Iria García-Moreiras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThe production of resting cysts is a key dispersal and survival strategy of many dinoflagellate species. However, little is known about the role of suspended cysts in the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) in the initiation and decline of planktonic populations.MethodsIn September 2019, sampling of the dinoflagellate cyst community at different water depths in the water column and in the bottom sediments, and studies of spatio-temporal changes in physical properties (temperature, salinity, density and suspended sediment concentration), were carried out along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (NW Portugal) to investigate the dinoflagellate cyst distribution and the factors (physical and biological) affecting it. A clustering analysis was used to compare the BNL and sediment cyst records with the cyst rain recorded by a sediment trap at a fixed station. Furthermore, Lagrangian particle experiments enabled simulating cyst trajectories in the BNL 5 and 10 days before sampling and assessing cross-shore, vertical and alongshore transport within the studied region.ResultsA well-developed BNL was present during the survey, which covered a change from active (14th of September) to relaxed (19th of September) upwelling conditions. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts were dominant in all samples, although calcareous dinoflagellate cysts consistently occurred (at low abundances). High proportions of full cysts were observed in the BNL, of which a significant portion was viable as shown by excystment experiments. Moreover, BNL cyst records collected on the 19th of September along the land-sea transect were similar to the sediment trap cyst record but greatly differed from sediment cyst records. The heterotrophic small spiny brown cysts (SBC) and cysts of the autotrophic yessotoxin-producer Protoceratium reticulatum notably increased during the survey, in the BNL and in the water column above.DiscussionThe comparison of the BNL, surface sediment and sediment trap cyst records supported that the main origin of cysts in the BNL was the recent production in the water column. The spatial coincidences in the distribution of cysts and vegetative cells of Protoceratium reticulatum also supported that full cysts in the water column were being produced in surface waters. New data evidenced the presence of a significant reservoir of viable cysts in the BNL that have the potential to seed new planktonic blooms. Furthermore, back-track particle modelling evidenced that alongshore advection was the main physical mechanism controlling cyst dynamics in the BNL during most part of the survey period, being particularly intense in coastal stations (<100 m depth). Consequently, the sediment cyst signal is a mixture of locally and regionally produced cysts. We provide multi-disciplinary data evidencing that cysts recently formed in the photic zone can be laterally advected within the studied region through the BNL, contributing to a better understanding of the role of the BNL in cyst dynamics and tracing the seed sources of the new blooms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:01:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56395176238847aa9ed72c9f13d073b9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:01:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-56395176238847aa9ed72c9f13d073b92023-12-12T16:04:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-12-011010.3389/fmars.2023.12703431270343New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin)Iria García-Moreiras0Melissa Hatherly1Melissa Hatherly2Karin Zonneveld3Karin Zonneveld4Jesus Dubert5Jesus Dubert6Rita Nolasco7Rita Nolasco8Ana Isabel Santos9Anabela Oliveira10Anabela Oliveira11Teresa Moita12Paulo B. Oliveira13Jorge M. Magalhães14Jorge M. Magalhães15Ana Amorim16Ana Amorim17CIM – Centro de Investigación Mariña e Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, SpainMARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET – Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCenter for Marine Environmental Sciences (MARUM), University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyGeosciences Department, University of Bremen, Bremen, GermanyCentre of Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Física e Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente e Do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalIIM – Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, SpainCentre of Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Departamento de Física e Centro de Estudos Do Ambiente e Do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalIIM – Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, SpainIH – Instituto Hidrográfico, Marine Geology Division, Lisbon, PortugalIH – Instituto Hidrográfico, Marine Geology Division, Lisbon, PortugalInstituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal0CCMAR – Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal1IPMA – Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Algés, Portugal2CIIMAR – Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal3Department of Geoscience, Environment and Spatial Planning (DGAOT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalMARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET – Aquatic Research Network, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalIntroductionThe production of resting cysts is a key dispersal and survival strategy of many dinoflagellate species. However, little is known about the role of suspended cysts in the benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) in the initiation and decline of planktonic populations.MethodsIn September 2019, sampling of the dinoflagellate cyst community at different water depths in the water column and in the bottom sediments, and studies of spatio-temporal changes in physical properties (temperature, salinity, density and suspended sediment concentration), were carried out along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (NW Portugal) to investigate the dinoflagellate cyst distribution and the factors (physical and biological) affecting it. A clustering analysis was used to compare the BNL and sediment cyst records with the cyst rain recorded by a sediment trap at a fixed station. Furthermore, Lagrangian particle experiments enabled simulating cyst trajectories in the BNL 5 and 10 days before sampling and assessing cross-shore, vertical and alongshore transport within the studied region.ResultsA well-developed BNL was present during the survey, which covered a change from active (14th of September) to relaxed (19th of September) upwelling conditions. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts were dominant in all samples, although calcareous dinoflagellate cysts consistently occurred (at low abundances). High proportions of full cysts were observed in the BNL, of which a significant portion was viable as shown by excystment experiments. Moreover, BNL cyst records collected on the 19th of September along the land-sea transect were similar to the sediment trap cyst record but greatly differed from sediment cyst records. The heterotrophic small spiny brown cysts (SBC) and cysts of the autotrophic yessotoxin-producer Protoceratium reticulatum notably increased during the survey, in the BNL and in the water column above.DiscussionThe comparison of the BNL, surface sediment and sediment trap cyst records supported that the main origin of cysts in the BNL was the recent production in the water column. The spatial coincidences in the distribution of cysts and vegetative cells of Protoceratium reticulatum also supported that full cysts in the water column were being produced in surface waters. New data evidenced the presence of a significant reservoir of viable cysts in the BNL that have the potential to seed new planktonic blooms. Furthermore, back-track particle modelling evidenced that alongshore advection was the main physical mechanism controlling cyst dynamics in the BNL during most part of the survey period, being particularly intense in coastal stations (<100 m depth). Consequently, the sediment cyst signal is a mixture of locally and regionally produced cysts. We provide multi-disciplinary data evidencing that cysts recently formed in the photic zone can be laterally advected within the studied region through the BNL, contributing to a better understanding of the role of the BNL in cyst dynamics and tracing the seed sources of the new blooms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1270343/fullbenthic nepheloid layerdinoflagellate cystscyst reservoiradvectioncoastal ecosystemsPortuguese margin |
| spellingShingle | Iria García-Moreiras Melissa Hatherly Melissa Hatherly Karin Zonneveld Karin Zonneveld Jesus Dubert Jesus Dubert Rita Nolasco Rita Nolasco Ana Isabel Santos Anabela Oliveira Anabela Oliveira Teresa Moita Paulo B. Oliveira Jorge M. Magalhães Jorge M. Magalhães Ana Amorim Ana Amorim New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) Frontiers in Marine Science benthic nepheloid layer dinoflagellate cysts cyst reservoir advection coastal ecosystems Portuguese margin |
| title | New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) |
| title_full | New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) |
| title_fullStr | New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) |
| title_full_unstemmed | New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) |
| title_short | New physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land-sea transect off Figueira da Foz (Atlantic Iberian margin) |
| title_sort | new physical and biological evidence of lateral transport affecting dinoflagellate cyst distribution in the benthic nepheloid layer along a land sea transect off figueira da foz atlantic iberian margin |
| topic | benthic nepheloid layer dinoflagellate cysts cyst reservoir advection coastal ecosystems Portuguese margin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1270343/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT iriagarciamoreiras newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT melissahatherly newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT melissahatherly newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT karinzonneveld newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT karinzonneveld newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT jesusdubert newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT jesusdubert newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT ritanolasco newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT ritanolasco newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT anaisabelsantos newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT anabelaoliveira newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT anabelaoliveira newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT teresamoita newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT pauloboliveira newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT jorgemmagalhaes newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT jorgemmagalhaes newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT anaamorim newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin AT anaamorim newphysicalandbiologicalevidenceoflateraltransportaffectingdinoflagellatecystdistributioninthebenthicnepheloidlayeralongalandseatransectofffigueiradafozatlanticiberianmargin |