Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design
The present study investigated the degradation of an aqueous Allura Red AC (AR–AC) solution by activating hydrogen peroxide with bicarbonate using cobalt ion (Co<sup>2+</sup>) as the catalyst. Four independent variables (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaHCO<sub>...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | ChemEngineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/7/5/86 |
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| author | Karla Y. Mora-Bonilla Iván F. Macías-Quiroga Nancy R. Sanabria-González María T. Dávila-Arias |
| author_facet | Karla Y. Mora-Bonilla Iván F. Macías-Quiroga Nancy R. Sanabria-González María T. Dávila-Arias |
| author_sort | Karla Y. Mora-Bonilla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the degradation of an aqueous Allura Red AC (AR–AC) solution by activating hydrogen peroxide with bicarbonate using cobalt ion (Co<sup>2+</sup>) as the catalyst. Four independent variables (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and dye concentrations) were analyzed in the composite central design (CCD). AR–AC degradation was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal degradation conditions (41.86 mg/L AR–AC, 5.58 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 2.00 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, and 9.00 µM Co<sup>2+</sup>), decolorization > 99.86%, mineralization (CO<sub>2</sub> to conversion) of 12.99%, and total nitrogen removal of 51.97% were achieved. The predicted values for the three response variables were consistent with the experimental values, with determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) greater than 0.9053. Because cobalt ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>) are a source of water pollution, after oxidation, these were adsorbed on sodium bentonite (Na–Bent), obtaining a final concentration of <0.01 mg/L. Bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide is a potential technology for dye wastewater treatment that operates at an alkaline pH and at ambient temperature. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:21:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-563ab978f19e4011bf589609814c0bff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-7084 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:21:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ChemEngineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-563ab978f19e4011bf589609814c0bff2023-11-19T16:03:21ZengMDPI AGChemEngineering2305-70842023-09-01758610.3390/chemengineering7050086Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental DesignKarla Y. Mora-Bonilla0Iván F. Macías-Quiroga1Nancy R. Sanabria-González2María T. Dávila-Arias3Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 9 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales 170003, ColombiaDepartamento de Física y Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 9 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales 170003, ColombiaDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 9 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales 170003, ColombiaDepartamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus La Nubia, km 9 vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales 170003, ColombiaThe present study investigated the degradation of an aqueous Allura Red AC (AR–AC) solution by activating hydrogen peroxide with bicarbonate using cobalt ion (Co<sup>2+</sup>) as the catalyst. Four independent variables (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, and dye concentrations) were analyzed in the composite central design (CCD). AR–AC degradation was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal degradation conditions (41.86 mg/L AR–AC, 5.58 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 2.00 mM NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, and 9.00 µM Co<sup>2+</sup>), decolorization > 99.86%, mineralization (CO<sub>2</sub> to conversion) of 12.99%, and total nitrogen removal of 51.97% were achieved. The predicted values for the three response variables were consistent with the experimental values, with determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) greater than 0.9053. Because cobalt ions (Co<sup>2+</sup>) are a source of water pollution, after oxidation, these were adsorbed on sodium bentonite (Na–Bent), obtaining a final concentration of <0.01 mg/L. Bicarbonate-activated hydrogen peroxide is a potential technology for dye wastewater treatment that operates at an alkaline pH and at ambient temperature.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/7/5/86bicarbonate-activated peroxideazo-dyeAllura Red ACcobaltexperimental designdegradation |
| spellingShingle | Karla Y. Mora-Bonilla Iván F. Macías-Quiroga Nancy R. Sanabria-González María T. Dávila-Arias Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design ChemEngineering bicarbonate-activated peroxide azo-dye Allura Red AC cobalt experimental design degradation |
| title | Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design |
| title_full | Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design |
| title_fullStr | Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design |
| title_short | Bicarbonate-Activated Hydrogen Peroxide for an Azo Dye Degradation: Experimental Design |
| title_sort | bicarbonate activated hydrogen peroxide for an azo dye degradation experimental design |
| topic | bicarbonate-activated peroxide azo-dye Allura Red AC cobalt experimental design degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/7/5/86 |
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