Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species
<i>Sirex noctilio</i> along with its mutualistic fungal symbiont, <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (a white rot fungus), is an invasive pest that causes excessive damage to <i>Pinus</i> plantations in Northeast China. In 2015, <i>S. noctilio</i> were foun...
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2021-12-01
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| author | Ming Wang Ningning Fu Chenglong Gao Lixia Wang Lili Ren Youqing Luo |
| author_facet | Ming Wang Ningning Fu Chenglong Gao Lixia Wang Lili Ren Youqing Luo |
| author_sort | Ming Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Sirex noctilio</i> along with its mutualistic fungal symbiont, <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (a white rot fungus), is an invasive pest that causes excessive damage to <i>Pinus</i> plantations in Northeast China. In 2015, <i>S. noctilio</i> were found to attack <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i>, and often share larval habitat with the native woodwasp, <i>S. nitobei</i>. The objective of this study was to determine the possible origin(s) of the introduced pest complex in China and analyse the genetic diversity between <i>A. areolatum</i> isolated from invasive <i>S. noctilio</i>, native <i>S. nitobei</i> and other woodwasps collected from Europe (native range) and other countries. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the intergenic spacer (IGS) dataset and the combined 4-locus dataset (the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor alpha 1 (<i>tef1</i>), DNA-directed ribosomal polymerase II (<i>RPB2</i>), and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU)) of three <i>Amylostereum</i> taxa. The multilocus genotyping of nuclear ribosomal regions and protein coding genes revealed at least three distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of the fungus associated with invasive <i>S. noctilio</i> populations in Northeast China, which may have come from North America or Europe. The IGS region of <i>A. areolatum</i> carried by <i>S. noctilio</i> from China was designated type B1D2. Our results showed a lack of fidelity (the paradigm of obligate fidelity to a single fungus per wasp species) between woodwasp hosts and <i>A. areolatum</i>. We found that the native <i>S. nitobei</i> predominantly carried <i>A. areolatum</i> IGS-D2, but a low percentage of females instead carried <i>A. areolatum</i> IGS-B1D2 (MLG A13), which was presumably due to horizontal transmission from <i>S. noctilio</i>, during the sequential use of the same wood for larval development. The precise identification of the <i>A. areolatum</i> genotypes provides valuable insight into co-evolution between Siricidae and their symbionts, as well as understanding of the geographical origin and history of both <i>Sirex</i> species and their associated fungi. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5641ce63eda6471fbadcc500654afc9e2023-11-23T09:05:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-12-01712106510.3390/jof7121065Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> SpeciesMing Wang0Ningning Fu1Chenglong Gao2Lixia Wang3Lili Ren4Youqing Luo5Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China<i>Sirex noctilio</i> along with its mutualistic fungal symbiont, <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (a white rot fungus), is an invasive pest that causes excessive damage to <i>Pinus</i> plantations in Northeast China. In 2015, <i>S. noctilio</i> were found to attack <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i>, and often share larval habitat with the native woodwasp, <i>S. nitobei</i>. The objective of this study was to determine the possible origin(s) of the introduced pest complex in China and analyse the genetic diversity between <i>A. areolatum</i> isolated from invasive <i>S. noctilio</i>, native <i>S. nitobei</i> and other woodwasps collected from Europe (native range) and other countries. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the intergenic spacer (IGS) dataset and the combined 4-locus dataset (the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor alpha 1 (<i>tef1</i>), DNA-directed ribosomal polymerase II (<i>RPB2</i>), and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU)) of three <i>Amylostereum</i> taxa. The multilocus genotyping of nuclear ribosomal regions and protein coding genes revealed at least three distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) of the fungus associated with invasive <i>S. noctilio</i> populations in Northeast China, which may have come from North America or Europe. The IGS region of <i>A. areolatum</i> carried by <i>S. noctilio</i> from China was designated type B1D2. Our results showed a lack of fidelity (the paradigm of obligate fidelity to a single fungus per wasp species) between woodwasp hosts and <i>A. areolatum</i>. We found that the native <i>S. nitobei</i> predominantly carried <i>A. areolatum</i> IGS-D2, but a low percentage of females instead carried <i>A. areolatum</i> IGS-B1D2 (MLG A13), which was presumably due to horizontal transmission from <i>S. noctilio</i>, during the sequential use of the same wood for larval development. The precise identification of the <i>A. areolatum</i> genotypes provides valuable insight into co-evolution between Siricidae and their symbionts, as well as understanding of the geographical origin and history of both <i>Sirex</i> species and their associated fungi.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/12/1065<i>Sirex-Amylostereum</i>phylogenymultilocus genotypesco-occurrencegenetic diversitypopulation structure |
| spellingShingle | Ming Wang Ningning Fu Chenglong Gao Lixia Wang Lili Ren Youqing Luo Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species Journal of Fungi <i>Sirex-Amylostereum</i> phylogeny multilocus genotypes co-occurrence genetic diversity population structure |
| title | Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species |
| title_full | Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species |
| title_fullStr | Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species |
| title_short | Multilocus Genotyping and Intergenic Spacer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of <i>Amylostereum areolatum</i> (Russulales: Amylostereacea) Symbionts of Native and Non-Native <i>Sirex</i> Species |
| title_sort | multilocus genotyping and intergenic spacer single nucleotide polymorphisms of i amylostereum areolatum i russulales amylostereacea symbionts of native and non native i sirex i species |
| topic | <i>Sirex-Amylostereum</i> phylogeny multilocus genotypes co-occurrence genetic diversity population structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/12/1065 |
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