The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves
Background The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi,...
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PeerJ Inc.
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/15980.pdf |
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| author | Samylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas Giselle Faria Fabiano Guimarães Silva Marco Aurélio Batista Damiana Souza Santos Augusto Fábio Henrique Dyszy Luciana Cristina Vitorino |
| author_facet | Samylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas Giselle Faria Fabiano Guimarães Silva Marco Aurélio Batista Damiana Souza Santos Augusto Fábio Henrique Dyszy Luciana Cristina Vitorino |
| author_sort | Samylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species colonize the leaf tissues of S. erecta. Methods To test this hypothesis, we employed standard techniques in plant anatomy, which enabled us to investigate the interaction of fungal structures with plant tissues and describe the morphoanatomical and histochemical characteristics of the epidermis and limbus of S. erecta. Results The anatomical analysis showed the existence of leaf teeth on the leaf tips. Additionally, hyphae, conidiospores, and spores of Bipolaris/Curvularia species were detected on the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, melanized microsclerotia were found in glandular areas of the leaf teeth and the phloem, providing evidence of biotrophic behavior. The hypothesis that biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi interact with S. erecta leaf tissues was confirmed, despite the presence of many bioactive compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils), as evidenced by histochemical analyses. The presence of tector, glandular, and scabiform trichomes on the leaf teeth and epidermis was also revealed. This study presents, for the first time, the synthesis of essential oils and alkaloids in the leaves of S. erecta. Additionally, it investigates previously unexplained aspects of the anatomy and histochemistry of the species, as well as its interaction with resident microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focus on extracting and characterizing the oils and alkaloids of S. erecta, as well as exploring other aspects related to its microbiome and its relationship. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:54:32Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:54:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5649651eb6c84e638016dbe86878d1d92023-12-03T01:13:32ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592023-09-0111e1598010.7717/peerj.15980The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leavesSamylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas0Giselle Faria1Fabiano Guimarães Silva2Marco Aurélio Batista3Damiana Souza Santos Augusto4Fábio Henrique Dyszy5Luciana Cristina Vitorino6Graduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilGraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilGraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilGraduate Program in Natural Resources of the Cerrado, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, BrazilGraduate Program in Agricultural Sciences, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilGraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilGraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano (IF Goiano, Campus Rio Verde), Rio Verde, BrazilBackground The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species colonize the leaf tissues of S. erecta. Methods To test this hypothesis, we employed standard techniques in plant anatomy, which enabled us to investigate the interaction of fungal structures with plant tissues and describe the morphoanatomical and histochemical characteristics of the epidermis and limbus of S. erecta. Results The anatomical analysis showed the existence of leaf teeth on the leaf tips. Additionally, hyphae, conidiospores, and spores of Bipolaris/Curvularia species were detected on the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, melanized microsclerotia were found in glandular areas of the leaf teeth and the phloem, providing evidence of biotrophic behavior. The hypothesis that biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi interact with S. erecta leaf tissues was confirmed, despite the presence of many bioactive compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils), as evidenced by histochemical analyses. The presence of tector, glandular, and scabiform trichomes on the leaf teeth and epidermis was also revealed. This study presents, for the first time, the synthesis of essential oils and alkaloids in the leaves of S. erecta. Additionally, it investigates previously unexplained aspects of the anatomy and histochemistry of the species, as well as its interaction with resident microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focus on extracting and characterizing the oils and alkaloids of S. erecta, as well as exploring other aspects related to its microbiome and its relationship.https://peerj.com/articles/15980.pdfFive-leaf lianaBioactive compoundsLeaf teethBiotrophic fungiTrichomes |
| spellingShingle | Samylla Tássia Ferreira de Freitas Giselle Faria Fabiano Guimarães Silva Marco Aurélio Batista Damiana Souza Santos Augusto Fábio Henrique Dyszy Luciana Cristina Vitorino The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves PeerJ Five-leaf liana Bioactive compounds Leaf teeth Biotrophic fungi Trichomes |
| title | The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| title_full | The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| title_fullStr | The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| title_short | The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| title_sort | morphoanatomy of serjania erecta radlk sapindaceae provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves |
| topic | Five-leaf liana Bioactive compounds Leaf teeth Biotrophic fungi Trichomes |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/15980.pdf |
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