Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks
Space-division multiplexing (SDM) attracts attention to cladding-pumped optical amplifiers, but they suffer from a low pump power conversion efficiency. To address this issue, ytterbium (Yb<sup>3+</sup>) and erbium (Er<sup>3+</sup>) co-doping is considered as an effective app...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1702 |
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| author | Andis Supe Sergejs Olonkins Aleksejs Udalcovs Ugis Senkans Rihards Mūrnieks Lilita Gegere Dmitrijs Prigunovs Jurgis Grube Edgars Elsts Sandis Spolitis Oskars Ozolins Vjaceslavs Bobrovs |
| author_facet | Andis Supe Sergejs Olonkins Aleksejs Udalcovs Ugis Senkans Rihards Mūrnieks Lilita Gegere Dmitrijs Prigunovs Jurgis Grube Edgars Elsts Sandis Spolitis Oskars Ozolins Vjaceslavs Bobrovs |
| author_sort | Andis Supe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Space-division multiplexing (SDM) attracts attention to cladding-pumped optical amplifiers, but they suffer from a low pump power conversion efficiency. To address this issue, ytterbium (Yb<sup>3+</sup>) and erbium (Er<sup>3+</sup>) co-doping is considered as an effective approach. However, it changes the gain profile of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber amplifiers and induces the gain difference between optical wavelengths in the C-band, significantly limiting the effective band of the dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) system. This paper is devoted to a detailed study of a cladding-pumped Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) through numerical simulations aiming to identify a configuration, before assembling a similar EYDFA in our laboratory premises that ensures the desired performance. The simulation model is based on a commercial double cladding EYDF whose parameters are experimentally extracted and fed to the EYDFA setup for the system-level studies. We investigate the wavelength dependence of the amplifier’s characteristics (absolute gain, gain uniformity, noise figure) and bit error rate (BER) performance for several DWDM channels and their optical power. The obtained results show that a 7 m long EYDF and co-propagating pump direction is preferable for the EYDFA with a 3 W pump source at 975 nm and with the given gain medium characteristics for WDM applications. For instance, it ensures a gain of 19.7–28.3 dB and a noise figure of 3.7–4.2 dB when amplifying 40 DWDM channels with the input power of −20 dBm per channel. Besides, we study EYDFA gain bandwidth and the maximum output power when operating close to the saturation regime and perform a sensitivity analysis showing how the doped fiber’s absorption and emission cross-sections impact the amplification process through energy transfer from Yb<sup>3+</sup> to Er<sup>3+</sup>. Finally, we quantify the power penalty introduced by the EYDFA; the results show that it is not higher than 0.1 dB when amplifying 40 × 10 Gbps non-return-to-zero on-off keying signals from −20 dBm/channel. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-565ec3b8331644d19f2350e97eb65882 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:53:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-565ec3b8331644d19f2350e97eb658822023-12-11T17:01:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172021-02-01114170210.3390/app11041702Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical NetworksAndis Supe0Sergejs Olonkins1Aleksejs Udalcovs2Ugis Senkans3Rihards Mūrnieks4Lilita Gegere5Dmitrijs Prigunovs6Jurgis Grube7Edgars Elsts8Sandis Spolitis9Oskars Ozolins10Vjaceslavs Bobrovs11Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaAFFOC Solutions, 3016 Kalnciems, LatviaAFFOC Solutions, 3016 Kalnciems, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 1063 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 1063 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaInstitute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, LatviaSpace-division multiplexing (SDM) attracts attention to cladding-pumped optical amplifiers, but they suffer from a low pump power conversion efficiency. To address this issue, ytterbium (Yb<sup>3+</sup>) and erbium (Er<sup>3+</sup>) co-doping is considered as an effective approach. However, it changes the gain profile of Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped fiber amplifiers and induces the gain difference between optical wavelengths in the C-band, significantly limiting the effective band of the dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) system. This paper is devoted to a detailed study of a cladding-pumped Er<sup>3+</sup>/Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) through numerical simulations aiming to identify a configuration, before assembling a similar EYDFA in our laboratory premises that ensures the desired performance. The simulation model is based on a commercial double cladding EYDF whose parameters are experimentally extracted and fed to the EYDFA setup for the system-level studies. We investigate the wavelength dependence of the amplifier’s characteristics (absolute gain, gain uniformity, noise figure) and bit error rate (BER) performance for several DWDM channels and their optical power. The obtained results show that a 7 m long EYDF and co-propagating pump direction is preferable for the EYDFA with a 3 W pump source at 975 nm and with the given gain medium characteristics for WDM applications. For instance, it ensures a gain of 19.7–28.3 dB and a noise figure of 3.7–4.2 dB when amplifying 40 DWDM channels with the input power of −20 dBm per channel. Besides, we study EYDFA gain bandwidth and the maximum output power when operating close to the saturation regime and perform a sensitivity analysis showing how the doped fiber’s absorption and emission cross-sections impact the amplification process through energy transfer from Yb<sup>3+</sup> to Er<sup>3+</sup>. Finally, we quantify the power penalty introduced by the EYDFA; the results show that it is not higher than 0.1 dB when amplifying 40 × 10 Gbps non-return-to-zero on-off keying signals from −20 dBm/channel.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1702bit error ratecladding-pumped optical amplifierdoped fiber amplifierserbium/ytterbium co-dopingoptical fiber networksimulation |
| spellingShingle | Andis Supe Sergejs Olonkins Aleksejs Udalcovs Ugis Senkans Rihards Mūrnieks Lilita Gegere Dmitrijs Prigunovs Jurgis Grube Edgars Elsts Sandis Spolitis Oskars Ozolins Vjaceslavs Bobrovs Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks Applied Sciences bit error rate cladding-pumped optical amplifier doped fiber amplifiers erbium/ytterbium co-doping optical fiber network simulation |
| title | Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks |
| title_full | Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks |
| title_fullStr | Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks |
| title_short | Cladding-Pumped Erbium/Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier for C-Band Operation in Optical Networks |
| title_sort | cladding pumped erbium ytterbium co doped fiber amplifier for c band operation in optical networks |
| topic | bit error rate cladding-pumped optical amplifier doped fiber amplifiers erbium/ytterbium co-doping optical fiber network simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/4/1702 |
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