Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure
Wilted (around 35% DM) or un-wilted (around 35% DM) Italian ryegrass treated with three additives (formic acid, FA; <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, LP; <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i>, LB) was utilized to evaluate the effects of the dry matter (DM) contents on the microbial com...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/755 |
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| author | Qifan Ran Hao Guan Haiping Li Wei He Ruifen Zhu Li Zhang Yong Huang Yuandong Xu Yan Fan |
| author_facet | Qifan Ran Hao Guan Haiping Li Wei He Ruifen Zhu Li Zhang Yong Huang Yuandong Xu Yan Fan |
| author_sort | Qifan Ran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wilted (around 35% DM) or un-wilted (around 35% DM) Italian ryegrass treated with three additives (formic acid, FA; <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, LP; <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i>, LB) was utilized to evaluate the effects of the dry matter (DM) contents on the microbial community and fermentation characteristics, which was ensiled for 60 days in a laboratory-scale silo, followed by 3 days of aerobic exposure. Significantly lower pH and higher lactic acid (LA) contents were observed in the LP-treated group ensiled at both DM contents (differences were significant when <i>p</i> < 0.05). The contents of LA, acetic acid (AA), numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in the FA-treated group were significantly lower than those in other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>L. buchneri</i> was the dominant bacteria after 60 days fermentation, while Enterobacteria became prevalent after 3 days of aerobic exposure. <i>L. buchneri</i> was found in the LB-treated group with higher acetic acid. Although the best fermentation quality was observed in the LP-treated silages, the aerobic stability was lowest compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the DM content of Italian ryegrass affected its epiphytic microbial community and the effectiveness of the different type of additives. Formic acid was more suitable for un-wilted Italian ryegrass silage, <i>L. plantarum</i> had a better effect in wilted Italian ryegrass silage, and <i>L. buchneri</i> prolonged the aerobic stability of Italian ryegrass. DM content and purpose of ensiling should be the key factors for choosing different types of additives for Italian ryegrass silage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:45:51Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:45:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-567326c067aa4cee9d091308dc6d13fb2023-11-24T14:46:18ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372022-12-0181275510.3390/fermentation8120755Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic ExposureQifan Ran0Hao Guan1Haiping Li2Wei He3Ruifen Zhu4Li Zhang5Yong Huang6Yuandong Xu7Yan Fan8Institute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaSichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Science, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, ChinaWilted (around 35% DM) or un-wilted (around 35% DM) Italian ryegrass treated with three additives (formic acid, FA; <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>, LP; <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i>, LB) was utilized to evaluate the effects of the dry matter (DM) contents on the microbial community and fermentation characteristics, which was ensiled for 60 days in a laboratory-scale silo, followed by 3 days of aerobic exposure. Significantly lower pH and higher lactic acid (LA) contents were observed in the LP-treated group ensiled at both DM contents (differences were significant when <i>p</i> < 0.05). The contents of LA, acetic acid (AA), numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) in the FA-treated group were significantly lower than those in other treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>L. buchneri</i> was the dominant bacteria after 60 days fermentation, while Enterobacteria became prevalent after 3 days of aerobic exposure. <i>L. buchneri</i> was found in the LB-treated group with higher acetic acid. Although the best fermentation quality was observed in the LP-treated silages, the aerobic stability was lowest compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the DM content of Italian ryegrass affected its epiphytic microbial community and the effectiveness of the different type of additives. Formic acid was more suitable for un-wilted Italian ryegrass silage, <i>L. plantarum</i> had a better effect in wilted Italian ryegrass silage, and <i>L. buchneri</i> prolonged the aerobic stability of Italian ryegrass. DM content and purpose of ensiling should be the key factors for choosing different types of additives for Italian ryegrass silage.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/755silagemicrobial communityfermentation profileaerobic stabilityItalian ryegrass |
| spellingShingle | Qifan Ran Hao Guan Haiping Li Wei He Ruifen Zhu Li Zhang Yong Huang Yuandong Xu Yan Fan Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure Fermentation silage microbial community fermentation profile aerobic stability Italian ryegrass |
| title | Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure |
| title_full | Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure |
| title_short | Effect of Formic Acid and Inoculants on Microbial Community and Fermentation Profile of Wilted or Un-Wilted Italian Ryegrass Silages during Ensiling and Aerobic Exposure |
| title_sort | effect of formic acid and inoculants on microbial community and fermentation profile of wilted or un wilted italian ryegrass silages during ensiling and aerobic exposure |
| topic | silage microbial community fermentation profile aerobic stability Italian ryegrass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/755 |
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