Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes
Antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH). While current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are generally well-tolerated, risks for side effects and toxicity remain as PLWH must take life-long medications. Antiretroviral drugs imp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/909 |
| _version_ | 1797537585429479424 |
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| author | Laura Cheney John M. Barbaro Joan W. Berman |
| author_facet | Laura Cheney John M. Barbaro Joan W. Berman |
| author_sort | Laura Cheney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH). While current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are generally well-tolerated, risks for side effects and toxicity remain as PLWH must take life-long medications. Antiretroviral drugs impact autophagy, an intracellular proteolytic process that eliminates debris and foreign material, provides nutrients for metabolism, and performs quality control to maintain cell homeostasis. Toxicity and adverse events associated with antiretrovirals may be due, in part, to their impacts on autophagy. A more complete understanding of the effects on autophagy is essential for developing antiretroviral drugs with decreased off target effects, meaning those unrelated to viral suppression, to minimize toxicity for PLWH. This review summarizes the findings and highlights the gaps in our knowledge of the impacts of antiretroviral drugs on autophagy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:18:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5686efc4c7354ae9a85d5d7adc52016e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:18:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-5686efc4c7354ae9a85d5d7adc52016e2023-11-21T15:41:46ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-04-0110490910.3390/cells10040909Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic OutcomesLaura Cheney0John M. Barbaro1Joan W. Berman2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USAAntiretroviral drugs have dramatically improved the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH). While current antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens are generally well-tolerated, risks for side effects and toxicity remain as PLWH must take life-long medications. Antiretroviral drugs impact autophagy, an intracellular proteolytic process that eliminates debris and foreign material, provides nutrients for metabolism, and performs quality control to maintain cell homeostasis. Toxicity and adverse events associated with antiretrovirals may be due, in part, to their impacts on autophagy. A more complete understanding of the effects on autophagy is essential for developing antiretroviral drugs with decreased off target effects, meaning those unrelated to viral suppression, to minimize toxicity for PLWH. This review summarizes the findings and highlights the gaps in our knowledge of the impacts of antiretroviral drugs on autophagy.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/909HIVantiretroviral drugsside effectstoxicityautophagymitophagy |
| spellingShingle | Laura Cheney John M. Barbaro Joan W. Berman Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes Cells HIV antiretroviral drugs side effects toxicity autophagy mitophagy |
| title | Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes |
| title_full | Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes |
| title_fullStr | Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes |
| title_short | Antiretroviral Drugs Impact Autophagy with Toxic Outcomes |
| title_sort | antiretroviral drugs impact autophagy with toxic outcomes |
| topic | HIV antiretroviral drugs side effects toxicity autophagy mitophagy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/4/909 |
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