Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects
Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via gluc...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2025 |
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| author | Rafal Sibiak Katarzyna Ozegowska Ewa Wender-Ozegowska Pawel Gutaj Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty |
| author_facet | Rafal Sibiak Katarzyna Ozegowska Ewa Wender-Ozegowska Pawel Gutaj Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty |
| author_sort | Rafal Sibiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT’s mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT’s density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs’ placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56983fb9404040eab3104f3ae8f290c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-56983fb9404040eab3104f3ae8f290c22023-11-23T12:28:50ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-05-011410202510.3390/nu14102025Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical AspectsRafal Sibiak0Katarzyna Ozegowska1Ewa Wender-Ozegowska2Pawel Gutaj3Paul Mozdziak4Bartosz Kempisty5Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, PolandPrestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-701 Poznan, PolandSeveral types of specialized glucose transporters (GLUTs) provide constant glucose transport from the maternal circulation to the developing fetus through the placental barrier from the early stages of pregnancy. GLUT1 is a prominent protein isoform that regulates placental glucose transfer via glucose-facilitated diffusion. The GLUT1 membrane protein density and permeability of the syncytial basal membrane (BM) are the main factors limiting the rate of glucose diffusion in the fetomaternal compartment in physiological conditions. Besides GLUT1, the GLUT3 and GLUT4 isoforms are widely expressed across the human placenta. Numerous medical conditions and molecules, such as hormones, adipokines, and xenobiotics, alter the GLUT’s mRNA and protein expression. Diabetes upregulates the BM GLUT’s density and promotes fetomaternal glucose transport, leading to excessive fetal growth. However, most studies have found no between-group differences in GLUTs’ placental expression in macrosomic and normal control pregnancies. The fetomaternal GLUTs expression may also be influenced by several other conditions, such as chronic hypoxia, preeclampsia, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2025diabetesglucose transporter proteinshyperglycemia in pregnancyplacentapregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Rafal Sibiak Katarzyna Ozegowska Ewa Wender-Ozegowska Pawel Gutaj Paul Mozdziak Bartosz Kempisty Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects Nutrients diabetes glucose transporter proteins hyperglycemia in pregnancy placenta pregnancy |
| title | Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects |
| title_full | Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects |
| title_fullStr | Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects |
| title_short | Fetomaternal Expression of Glucose Transporters (GLUTs)—Biochemical, Cellular and Clinical Aspects |
| title_sort | fetomaternal expression of glucose transporters gluts biochemical cellular and clinical aspects |
| topic | diabetes glucose transporter proteins hyperglycemia in pregnancy placenta pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/10/2025 |
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