Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band
(1) Background: This work aims to assess human exposure to EMF due to two different wearable antennas tuned to two 5G bands. (2) Methods: The first one was centered in the lower 5G band, around f = 3.5 GHz, whereas the second one was tuned to the upper 5G band, at 26.5 GHz. Both antennas were positi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/104 |
| _version_ | 1827623925741256704 |
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| author | Silvia Gallucci Marta Bonato Martina Benini Emma Chiaramello Serena Fiocchi Gabriella Tognola Marta Parazzini |
| author_facet | Silvia Gallucci Marta Bonato Martina Benini Emma Chiaramello Serena Fiocchi Gabriella Tognola Marta Parazzini |
| author_sort | Silvia Gallucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: This work aims to assess human exposure to EMF due to two different wearable antennas tuned to two 5G bands. (2) Methods: The first one was centered in the lower 5G band, around f = 3.5 GHz, whereas the second one was tuned to the upper 5G band, at 26.5 GHz. Both antennas were positioned on the trunk of four simulated human models. The exposure assessment was performed by electromagnetic numerical simulations. Exposure levels were assessed by quantifying the specific absorption rate averaged on 10 g of tissue (SAR<sub>10g</sub>) and the absorbed power density (S<sub>ab</sub>), depending on the frequency of the wearable antenna. (3) Results: the higher exposure values that resulted were always mainly concentrated in a superficial area just below the antenna itself. In addition, these resulting distributions were narrowed around their peak values and tended to flatten toward lower values in farther anatomical body regions. All the exposure levels complied with ICNIRP guidelines when considering realistic input power. (4) Conclusions: This work highlights the importance of performing an exposure assessment when the antenna is placed on the human wearer, considering the growth of wearable technology and its wide variety of application, particularly regarding future 5G networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:57:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56ad9b1791a74b2f89de9c0177a7db4f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:57:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-56ad9b1791a74b2f89de9c0177a7db4f2023-11-30T23:07:23ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-12-0123110410.3390/s23010104Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency BandSilvia Gallucci0Marta Bonato1Martina Benini2Emma Chiaramello3Serena Fiocchi4Gabriella Tognola5Marta Parazzini6National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, ItalyNational Research Council (CNR), Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication (IEIIT), 20133 Milano, Italy(1) Background: This work aims to assess human exposure to EMF due to two different wearable antennas tuned to two 5G bands. (2) Methods: The first one was centered in the lower 5G band, around f = 3.5 GHz, whereas the second one was tuned to the upper 5G band, at 26.5 GHz. Both antennas were positioned on the trunk of four simulated human models. The exposure assessment was performed by electromagnetic numerical simulations. Exposure levels were assessed by quantifying the specific absorption rate averaged on 10 g of tissue (SAR<sub>10g</sub>) and the absorbed power density (S<sub>ab</sub>), depending on the frequency of the wearable antenna. (3) Results: the higher exposure values that resulted were always mainly concentrated in a superficial area just below the antenna itself. In addition, these resulting distributions were narrowed around their peak values and tended to flatten toward lower values in farther anatomical body regions. All the exposure levels complied with ICNIRP guidelines when considering realistic input power. (4) Conclusions: This work highlights the importance of performing an exposure assessment when the antenna is placed on the human wearer, considering the growth of wearable technology and its wide variety of application, particularly regarding future 5G networks.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/104RF-EMFwearable device5G technologycomputational dosimetryrealistic human models |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Gallucci Marta Bonato Martina Benini Emma Chiaramello Serena Fiocchi Gabriella Tognola Marta Parazzini Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band Sensors RF-EMF wearable device 5G technology computational dosimetry realistic human models |
| title | Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band |
| title_full | Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band |
| title_short | Assessment of EMF Human Exposure Levels Due to Wearable Antennas at 5G Frequency Band |
| title_sort | assessment of emf human exposure levels due to wearable antennas at 5g frequency band |
| topic | RF-EMF wearable device 5G technology computational dosimetry realistic human models |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/1/104 |
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