Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates
<i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the primary pest of pomegranates in Saudi Arabia and is mostly controlled using broad-spectrum pesticides. Providing environmentally sound choices to limit reliance on chemical management is a major challenge in the control of <...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1256 |
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| author | Saqer S. Alotaibi Hadeer Darwish Sarah Alharthi Akram Alghamdi Ahmed Noureldeen Ahmed M. Fallatah András Fodor Amal Al-Barty Bander Albogami Alaa Baazeem |
| author_facet | Saqer S. Alotaibi Hadeer Darwish Sarah Alharthi Akram Alghamdi Ahmed Noureldeen Ahmed M. Fallatah András Fodor Amal Al-Barty Bander Albogami Alaa Baazeem |
| author_sort | Saqer S. Alotaibi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the primary pest of pomegranates in Saudi Arabia and is mostly controlled using broad-spectrum pesticides. Providing environmentally sound choices to limit reliance on chemical management is a major challenge in the control of <i>E. ceratoniae</i> and, as a consequence, in the protection of pomegranate crops from its invasion. Entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB) symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are well-known biocontrol agents of soil-dwelling or aerial pests. The bacterium symbiont (EPB) is the real insect-killing biocontrol agent, while the nematode (EPN) serves as a vector. We wondered whether the EPB vector, which is extremely vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions, like drought, high temperatures, and repellent soil microorganisms, could be omitted. We intended to evaluate the biocontrol potential of directly applied EPB cells and cell-free culture media (CFCM) on the larval instar <i>E. ceratoniae</i>. <i>Xenorhabdus</i> <i>budapestensis</i> DSM 16342 (EMA), <i>X. szentirmaii</i> DSM 16338 (EMC), and <i>Photorhabdus luminescens</i> ssp. <i>laumondi</i> (TT01) strains were used. After three days of exposure, the cells of EMA, EMC, and TT01 strains resulted in 100%, 88%, and 79.3% larval mortality rates, respectively. The applied EMA CFCM resulted in 53.7% larval mortality, indicating the presences of (at least) one extremely strong component produced by EMA. We concluded that the direct application of either the EPB cells or the CFCM must be a prospective alternative biocontrol of <i>E. ceratoniae</i>, especially to protect the important fruit (pomegranate, <i>Punica granatum</i>) cultivars. Especially, newly identified local EPB isolates could be applied as bio-pesticides for integrated management practices or organic pomegranate production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:41:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56b37bf3ec0b419993770f7593edc45e |
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| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:41:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-56b37bf3ec0b419993770f7593edc45e2023-11-23T03:19:45ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-12-011112125610.3390/agriculture11121256Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in PomegranatesSaqer S. Alotaibi0Hadeer Darwish1Sarah Alharthi2Akram Alghamdi3Ahmed Noureldeen4Ahmed M. Fallatah5András Fodor6Amal Al-Barty7Bander Albogami8Alaa Baazeem9Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Genetics, József Attila University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, HungaryDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia<i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the primary pest of pomegranates in Saudi Arabia and is mostly controlled using broad-spectrum pesticides. Providing environmentally sound choices to limit reliance on chemical management is a major challenge in the control of <i>E. ceratoniae</i> and, as a consequence, in the protection of pomegranate crops from its invasion. Entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB) symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are well-known biocontrol agents of soil-dwelling or aerial pests. The bacterium symbiont (EPB) is the real insect-killing biocontrol agent, while the nematode (EPN) serves as a vector. We wondered whether the EPB vector, which is extremely vulnerable to adverse environmental conditions, like drought, high temperatures, and repellent soil microorganisms, could be omitted. We intended to evaluate the biocontrol potential of directly applied EPB cells and cell-free culture media (CFCM) on the larval instar <i>E. ceratoniae</i>. <i>Xenorhabdus</i> <i>budapestensis</i> DSM 16342 (EMA), <i>X. szentirmaii</i> DSM 16338 (EMC), and <i>Photorhabdus luminescens</i> ssp. <i>laumondi</i> (TT01) strains were used. After three days of exposure, the cells of EMA, EMC, and TT01 strains resulted in 100%, 88%, and 79.3% larval mortality rates, respectively. The applied EMA CFCM resulted in 53.7% larval mortality, indicating the presences of (at least) one extremely strong component produced by EMA. We concluded that the direct application of either the EPB cells or the CFCM must be a prospective alternative biocontrol of <i>E. ceratoniae</i>, especially to protect the important fruit (pomegranate, <i>Punica granatum</i>) cultivars. Especially, newly identified local EPB isolates could be applied as bio-pesticides for integrated management practices or organic pomegranate production.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1256entomopathogenic bacteria<i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i>biological controlGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Saqer S. Alotaibi Hadeer Darwish Sarah Alharthi Akram Alghamdi Ahmed Noureldeen Ahmed M. Fallatah András Fodor Amal Al-Barty Bander Albogami Alaa Baazeem Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates Agriculture entomopathogenic bacteria <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> biological control GC-MS |
| title | Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates |
| title_full | Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates |
| title_fullStr | Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates |
| title_short | Control Potentials of Three Entomopathogenic Bacterial Isolates for the Carob Moth, <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Pomegranates |
| title_sort | control potentials of three entomopathogenic bacterial isolates for the carob moth i ectomyelois ceratoniae i lepidoptera pyralidae in pomegranates |
| topic | entomopathogenic bacteria <i>Ectomyelois ceratoniae</i> biological control GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1256 |
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