In Vitro Assessment of Anti-Adipogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Black Cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) Seeds Extract on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Raw264.7 Macrophages
<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study evaluated the in vitro anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) seed extract (BCS extract) as a potential candidate for developing herbal formulations targeting metabolic disorders....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/2028 |
| Summary: | <i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study evaluated the in vitro anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of black cumin (<i>Nigella sativa</i> L.) seed extract (BCS extract) as a potential candidate for developing herbal formulations targeting metabolic disorders. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> We evaluated the BCS extract by assessing its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrohydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, levels of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and nitric oxide (NO), and mRNA expression levels of key pro-inflammatory mediators. We also quantified the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules. To assess anti-adipogenic effects, we used differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and BCS extract in doses from 10 to 100 μg/mL. We also determined mRNA levels of key adipogenic genes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/BEPα), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and sterol-regulated element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). <i>Results:</i> This study showed a concentration-dependent DPPH radical scavenging activity and no toxicity at concentrations up to 30 μg/mL in Raw264.7 cells. BCS extract showed an IC<sub>50</sub> of 328.77 ± 20.52 μg/mL. Notably, pre-treatment with BCS extract (30 μg/mL) significantly enhanced cell viability in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated Raw264.7 cells. BCS extract treatment effectively inhibited LPS-induced production of PGE<sub>2</sub> and NO, as well as the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, possibly by limiting the phosphorylation of p38, p65, inhibitory κBα (I-κBα), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). It also significantly attenuated lipid accumulation and key adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. <i>Conclusions:</i> This study highlights the in vitro anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory potential of BCS extract, underscoring its potential as a promising candidate for managing metabolic disorders. |
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| ISSN: | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |