Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
The mass production of synthetic plastics began in the last century and today they have become one of the most abundant man-made materials. The disposal or the beneficiation of end-of-life plastics represent a great challenge for society especially in the case of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This study...
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2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4129 |
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| author | Ndue Kanari Nour-Eddine Menad Lev O. Filippov Seit Shallari Eric Allain Fabrice Patisson Jacques Yvon |
| author_facet | Ndue Kanari Nour-Eddine Menad Lev O. Filippov Seit Shallari Eric Allain Fabrice Patisson Jacques Yvon |
| author_sort | Ndue Kanari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mass production of synthetic plastics began in the last century and today they have become one of the most abundant man-made materials. The disposal or the beneficiation of end-of-life plastics represent a great challenge for society especially in the case of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This study is focused on the use of PVC waste as a useful agent for the direct reduction of hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) after a thermal treatment at 300 °C for removing the chlorine contained in PVC. Thermal reduction tests were conducted from 600 °C to 1100 °C with (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + PVC + clay) pellet mixtures in which clay was used as plasticizing and binder agent of the pellets. The starting samples and treatment residues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor the chemical behavior and reactivity of the pellet constituents during their thermal treatment. The stepwise reduction of hematite up to metallic iron was achieved at temperatures approaching 1000 °C, confirming the capability of using PVC waste for the direct reduction of iron oxides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:12:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56be1c3ab7a64ddfb6039ee714492c8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:12:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-56be1c3ab7a64ddfb6039ee714492c8c2023-11-22T05:52:07ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-07-011415412910.3390/ma14154129Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Ndue Kanari0Nour-Eddine Menad1Lev O. Filippov2Seit Shallari3Eric Allain4Fabrice Patisson5Jacques Yvon6Université de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, F-54000 Nancy, FranceWaste and Raw Materials and Recycling Unit, Water, Environment Process and Analysis Department, BRGM, 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, BP 36009, CEDEX, F-45060 Orléans, FranceUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, F-54000 Nancy, FranceFaculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1029 Tirana, AlbaniaUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, F-54000 Nancy, FranceUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, Labex DAMAS, IJL, F-54000 Nancy, FranceUniversité de Lorraine, CNRS, GeoRessources, F-54000 Nancy, FranceThe mass production of synthetic plastics began in the last century and today they have become one of the most abundant man-made materials. The disposal or the beneficiation of end-of-life plastics represent a great challenge for society especially in the case of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This study is focused on the use of PVC waste as a useful agent for the direct reduction of hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) after a thermal treatment at 300 °C for removing the chlorine contained in PVC. Thermal reduction tests were conducted from 600 °C to 1100 °C with (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + PVC + clay) pellet mixtures in which clay was used as plasticizing and binder agent of the pellets. The starting samples and treatment residues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy through energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to monitor the chemical behavior and reactivity of the pellet constituents during their thermal treatment. The stepwise reduction of hematite up to metallic iron was achieved at temperatures approaching 1000 °C, confirming the capability of using PVC waste for the direct reduction of iron oxides.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4129waste plastichalogen contentpolyvinyl chlorideisothermal treatmentde-chlorinationdirect reduction of iron oxides |
| spellingShingle | Ndue Kanari Nour-Eddine Menad Lev O. Filippov Seit Shallari Eric Allain Fabrice Patisson Jacques Yvon Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Materials waste plastic halogen content polyvinyl chloride isothermal treatment de-chlorination direct reduction of iron oxides |
| title | Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| title_full | Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| title_fullStr | Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| title_short | Some Aspects of the Thermochemical Route for the Valorization of Plastic Wastes, Part I: Reduction of Iron Oxides by Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) |
| title_sort | some aspects of the thermochemical route for the valorization of plastic wastes part i reduction of iron oxides by polyvinyl chloride pvc |
| topic | waste plastic halogen content polyvinyl chloride isothermal treatment de-chlorination direct reduction of iron oxides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/15/4129 |
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