Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix
Data hiding is a technology that embeds data into a cover carrier in an imperceptible way while still allowing the hidden data to be extracted accurately from the stego-carrier, which is one important branch of computer science and has drawn attention of scholars in the last decade. Turtle shell-bas...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Symmetry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/2/47 |
| _version_ | 1798005001434431488 |
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| author | Xiao-Zhu Xie Chia-Chen Lin Chin-Chen Chang |
| author_facet | Xiao-Zhu Xie Chia-Chen Lin Chin-Chen Chang |
| author_sort | Xiao-Zhu Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Data hiding is a technology that embeds data into a cover carrier in an imperceptible way while still allowing the hidden data to be extracted accurately from the stego-carrier, which is one important branch of computer science and has drawn attention of scholars in the last decade. Turtle shell-based (TSB) schemes have become popular in recent years due to their higher embedding capacity (EC) and better visual quality of the stego-image than most of the none magic matrices based (MMB) schemes. This paper proposes a two-layer turtle shell matrix-based (TTSMB) scheme for data hiding, in which an extra attribute presented by a 4-ary digit is assigned to each element of the turtle shell matrix with symmetrical distribution. Therefore, compared with the original TSB scheme, two more bits are embedded into each pixel pair to obtain a higher EC up to 2.5 bits per pixel (bpp). The experimental results reveal that under the condition of the same visual quality, the EC of the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art data hiding schemes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:33:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56beb46a653244cca430d1773665a51d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-8994 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:33:16Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Symmetry |
| spelling | doaj.art-56beb46a653244cca430d1773665a51d2022-12-22T04:23:42ZengMDPI AGSymmetry2073-89942018-02-011024710.3390/sym10020047sym10020047Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell MatrixXiao-Zhu Xie0Chia-Chen Lin1Chin-Chen Chang2Engineering Research Center for Software Testing and Evaluation of Fujian Province, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, ChinaDepartment of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanDepartment of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, TaiwanData hiding is a technology that embeds data into a cover carrier in an imperceptible way while still allowing the hidden data to be extracted accurately from the stego-carrier, which is one important branch of computer science and has drawn attention of scholars in the last decade. Turtle shell-based (TSB) schemes have become popular in recent years due to their higher embedding capacity (EC) and better visual quality of the stego-image than most of the none magic matrices based (MMB) schemes. This paper proposes a two-layer turtle shell matrix-based (TTSMB) scheme for data hiding, in which an extra attribute presented by a 4-ary digit is assigned to each element of the turtle shell matrix with symmetrical distribution. Therefore, compared with the original TSB scheme, two more bits are embedded into each pixel pair to obtain a higher EC up to 2.5 bits per pixel (bpp). The experimental results reveal that under the condition of the same visual quality, the EC of the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art data hiding schemes.http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/2/47data hidingturtle shelltwo-layerenhanced visual qualityimproved hiding capacity |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Zhu Xie Chia-Chen Lin Chin-Chen Chang Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix Symmetry data hiding turtle shell two-layer enhanced visual quality improved hiding capacity |
| title | Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix |
| title_full | Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix |
| title_fullStr | Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix |
| title_full_unstemmed | Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix |
| title_short | Data Hiding Based on a Two-Layer Turtle Shell Matrix |
| title_sort | data hiding based on a two layer turtle shell matrix |
| topic | data hiding turtle shell two-layer enhanced visual quality improved hiding capacity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/10/2/47 |
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