Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing
Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) should be secured as per requirements to protect content in open environments such as the cloud and internet. Integrity and undetectability of steganographic images are amongst the main concerns in any RDH scheme. As steganographic encryption using linear prediction over...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3311 |
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| author | Maham Nasir Waqas Jadoon Iftikhar Ahmed Khan Nosheen Gul Sajid Shah Mohammed ELAffendi Ammar Muthanna |
| author_facet | Maham Nasir Waqas Jadoon Iftikhar Ahmed Khan Nosheen Gul Sajid Shah Mohammed ELAffendi Ammar Muthanna |
| author_sort | Maham Nasir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) should be secured as per requirements to protect content in open environments such as the cloud and internet. Integrity and undetectability of steganographic images are amongst the main concerns in any RDH scheme. As steganographic encryption using linear prediction over bit-planes is challenging, so the security and embedding capacity of the existing RDH techniques could not be adequate. Therefore, a new steganographic technique is proposed which provides better security, higher embedding capacity and visual quality to the RDH scheme. In this technique, the cover image is divided into n-bit planes (nBPs) and linear prediction is applied to it. Next, the histogram of the residual nBPs image is taken, and secret data bits are encrypted using the RC4 cryptographic algorithm. To embed the encrypted secret data bits, the histogram shifting process is applied. This is achieved by using peak and zero pairs of residual nBPs images. This scheme provides security to the cover image and hidden data. The proposed RDH scheme is capable of extracting the embedded secret data accurately and recovering the original cover or residual nBPs image. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56bf280bdb0e4dbfbf6152d14c96b668 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:15:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-56bf280bdb0e4dbfbf6152d14c96b6682023-11-23T17:36:24ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902022-09-011018331110.3390/math10183311Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane SlicingMaham Nasir0Waqas Jadoon1Iftikhar Ahmed Khan2Nosheen Gul3Sajid Shah4Mohammed ELAffendi5Ammar Muthanna6Department of Computer Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Computer Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Computer Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Computer Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad 22060, PakistanDepartment of Computer Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad 22060, PakistanEIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Applied Probability and Informatics, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya, 117198 Moscow, RussiaReversible Data Hiding (RDH) should be secured as per requirements to protect content in open environments such as the cloud and internet. Integrity and undetectability of steganographic images are amongst the main concerns in any RDH scheme. As steganographic encryption using linear prediction over bit-planes is challenging, so the security and embedding capacity of the existing RDH techniques could not be adequate. Therefore, a new steganographic technique is proposed which provides better security, higher embedding capacity and visual quality to the RDH scheme. In this technique, the cover image is divided into n-bit planes (nBPs) and linear prediction is applied to it. Next, the histogram of the residual nBPs image is taken, and secret data bits are encrypted using the RC4 cryptographic algorithm. To embed the encrypted secret data bits, the histogram shifting process is applied. This is achieved by using peak and zero pairs of residual nBPs images. This scheme provides security to the cover image and hidden data. The proposed RDH scheme is capable of extracting the embedded secret data accurately and recovering the original cover or residual nBPs image.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3311RDH (Reversible Data Hiding)LSB (least significant bit)histogram shiftingRC4 encryptionbpp (bits per pixel)nBPs (n bit-planes) |
| spellingShingle | Maham Nasir Waqas Jadoon Iftikhar Ahmed Khan Nosheen Gul Sajid Shah Mohammed ELAffendi Ammar Muthanna Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing Mathematics RDH (Reversible Data Hiding) LSB (least significant bit) histogram shifting RC4 encryption bpp (bits per pixel) nBPs (n bit-planes) |
| title | Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing |
| title_full | Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing |
| title_fullStr | Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing |
| title_short | Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing |
| title_sort | secure reversible data hiding in images based on linear prediction and bit plane slicing |
| topic | RDH (Reversible Data Hiding) LSB (least significant bit) histogram shifting RC4 encryption bpp (bits per pixel) nBPs (n bit-planes) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/18/3311 |
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