A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions
Background. Most of the plantings of fruit crops in Russia are located in the zone of risky agriculture. In the European part of Russia, in winter, fruit crops are affected by the impacts of weather conditions (spring frosts, droughts, early frosts, low-temperature stress, a short growing season, an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1190 |
| _version_ | 1797348822272180224 |
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| author | А. M. Galasheva N. G. Krasova Z. E. Ozherelieva |
| author_facet | А. M. Galasheva N. G. Krasova Z. E. Ozherelieva |
| author_sort | А. M. Galasheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Most of the plantings of fruit crops in Russia are located in the zone of risky agriculture. In the European part of Russia, in winter, fruit crops are affected by the impacts of weather conditions (spring frosts, droughts, early frosts, low-temperature stress, a short growing season, and thaws). Frosts cause 98% of the damage to fruit trees.Methods. One-year-old branches were frozen in a Japanese Espec PSL-2KPH climate chamber after prehardening under –5°C and –10°C for 5 days, and damaging factors of the winter period were simulated.Results. The bioresource collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) contains 730 appletree cultivars from various domestic and foreign institutions. Apple cultivars from Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Moldova, USA, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Canada were analyzed for frost resistance components. The resistance of plants to early frosts of–25°C without hardening and after hardening in early winter (Component I) showed that the main tissues (bark, cambium and wood) suffered minor damage in all studied cultivars. In cv. ‘Belarusskoye Sladkoye’, the damage to the bark scored 2.3 points. Among the studied apple cultivars whose one-year-old branches were frozen at –38°C and –40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) showed the highest frost resistance to the negative mid-January temperature of –38°C (damage to the buds and main tissues scored 0.3–1.0 points). Under–40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) and ‘Aivaris’ (Latvian breeding) demonstrated bark, cambium and wood resistance with damages at the level of 2.0 points. These cultivars can be used in breeding programs as sources of frost resistance. Freezing of one-year-old branches under –25°C after a 3-day artificial thaw at +2°C revealed bud and tissue resistance in the American cv. ‘Red Free’ and in cv. ‘Coremolda’ (Component III). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:11:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56c139799e054152b97f4d636e6fa219 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-8834 2619-0982 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:11:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции |
| spelling | doaj.art-56c139799e054152b97f4d636e6fa2192024-01-22T19:30:13ZengN.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic ResourcesТруды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции2227-88342619-09822022-04-011831313710.30901/2227-8834-2022-1-31-37576A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditionsА. M. Galasheva0N. G. Krasova1Z. E. Ozherelieva2All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop BreedingAll-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop BreedingAll-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop BreedingBackground. Most of the plantings of fruit crops in Russia are located in the zone of risky agriculture. In the European part of Russia, in winter, fruit crops are affected by the impacts of weather conditions (spring frosts, droughts, early frosts, low-temperature stress, a short growing season, and thaws). Frosts cause 98% of the damage to fruit trees.Methods. One-year-old branches were frozen in a Japanese Espec PSL-2KPH climate chamber after prehardening under –5°C and –10°C for 5 days, and damaging factors of the winter period were simulated.Results. The bioresource collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) contains 730 appletree cultivars from various domestic and foreign institutions. Apple cultivars from Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Moldova, USA, France, Czech Republic, Sweden and Canada were analyzed for frost resistance components. The resistance of plants to early frosts of–25°C without hardening and after hardening in early winter (Component I) showed that the main tissues (bark, cambium and wood) suffered minor damage in all studied cultivars. In cv. ‘Belarusskoye Sladkoye’, the damage to the bark scored 2.3 points. Among the studied apple cultivars whose one-year-old branches were frozen at –38°C and –40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) showed the highest frost resistance to the negative mid-January temperature of –38°C (damage to the buds and main tissues scored 0.3–1.0 points). Under–40°C (Component II), ‘Coremolda’ (Moldova) and ‘Aivaris’ (Latvian breeding) demonstrated bark, cambium and wood resistance with damages at the level of 2.0 points. These cultivars can be used in breeding programs as sources of frost resistance. Freezing of one-year-old branches under –25°C after a 3-day artificial thaw at +2°C revealed bud and tissue resistance in the American cv. ‘Red Free’ and in cv. ‘Coremolda’ (Component III).https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1190winter hardinessfrostthawbudsbarkcambiumwood |
| spellingShingle | А. M. Galasheva N. G. Krasova Z. E. Ozherelieva A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions Труды по прикладной ботанике, генетике и селекции winter hardiness frost thaw buds bark cambium wood |
| title | A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| title_full | A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| title_fullStr | A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| title_short | A study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| title_sort | study of introduced apple cultivars according to the main components of winter hardiness by simulating damaging factors under controlled conditions |
| topic | winter hardiness frost thaw buds bark cambium wood |
| url | https://elpub.vir.nw.ru/jour/article/view/1190 |
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