TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Growing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/8/1139 |
| _version_ | 1827745505983070208 |
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| author | Maximilian J. Waldner Markus F. Neurath |
| author_facet | Maximilian J. Waldner Markus F. Neurath |
| author_sort | Maximilian J. Waldner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Growing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of the most important molecules involved is the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). TGFβ is released by various cells in the TME, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and it modulates cancer cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Mutations in components of the TGF pathway, including TGFβ receptor type 2 or SMAD4, are among the most frequently detected mutations in CRC and have been associated with the clinical course of disease. Within this review, we will discuss our current understanding about the role of TGFβ in the pathogenesis of CRC. This includes novel data on the molecular mechanisms of TGFβ signaling in TME, as well as possible strategies for CRC therapy targeting the TGFβ pathway, including potential combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:08:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56c4a8a7e67544e19a97b936e84a3a65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:08:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-56c4a8a7e67544e19a97b936e84a3a652023-11-17T18:43:04ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092023-04-01128113910.3390/cells12081139TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal CancerMaximilian J. Waldner0Markus F. Neurath1Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyGrowing evidence supports an important role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Resident cells such as fibroblasts or immune cells infiltrating into the TME maintain continuous crosstalk with cancer cells and thereby regulate CRC progression. One of the most important molecules involved is the immunoregulatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ). TGFβ is released by various cells in the TME, including macrophages and fibroblasts, and it modulates cancer cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Mutations in components of the TGF pathway, including TGFβ receptor type 2 or SMAD4, are among the most frequently detected mutations in CRC and have been associated with the clinical course of disease. Within this review, we will discuss our current understanding about the role of TGFβ in the pathogenesis of CRC. This includes novel data on the molecular mechanisms of TGFβ signaling in TME, as well as possible strategies for CRC therapy targeting the TGFβ pathway, including potential combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/8/1139colorectal cancerTGFβSMAD4tumor microenvironmentimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Maximilian J. Waldner Markus F. Neurath TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer Cells colorectal cancer TGFβ SMAD4 tumor microenvironment immune response |
| title | TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full | TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_fullStr | TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_short | TGFβ and the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer |
| title_sort | tgfβ and the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer |
| topic | colorectal cancer TGFβ SMAD4 tumor microenvironment immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/8/1139 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maximilianjwaldner tgfbandthetumormicroenvironmentincolorectalcancer AT markusfneurath tgfbandthetumormicroenvironmentincolorectalcancer |