Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. Eight...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Animal Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2022.1000490/full |
| _version_ | 1811340230096060416 |
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| author | Raphaela C. Vidal Nicole S.A. Lima Claudia B. Sampaio Marcio S. Duarte Edenio Detmann Edenio Detmann |
| author_facet | Raphaela C. Vidal Nicole S.A. Lima Claudia B. Sampaio Marcio S. Duarte Edenio Detmann Edenio Detmann |
| author_sort | Raphaela C. Vidal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. Eight Brahman heifers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The treatments were: mineral mixture, mineral mixture with virginiamycin, multiple supplement, and multiple supplement with virginiamycin. The basal diet consisted of a high-quality Tifton 85 hay (Cynodom sp.) chopped at 10-cm particle size and fed twice daily. The mineral mixture was provided daily at 120 g/animal. The multiple supplement was formulated to provide 300 g of crude protein (CP)/kg as fed, contained mineral mixture, corn grain, and urea: ammonium sulfate, and was daily provided at 200 g/animal. The mineral mixture and multiple supplement provided the same daily amount of minerals. The amount of supplemental virginiamycin was based on a maximum theoretical response on animal performance (50 mg/100 kg body weight) and daily mixed to the supplements types. The treatments were compared according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (mineral mixture and multiple supplement, with or without virginiamycin). The virginiamycin supplementation did not alter either voluntary intake or digestibility (P≥0.44). Using the multiple supplement decreased forage (P<0.05) and digested organic matter (DOM, P<0.10) intake, but increased dietary CP : DOM ratio (P<0.01). The multiple supplement increased the ruminal ammonia concentration (P<0.04) and the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P<0.06). Virginiamycin increased urinary nitrogen (N) when provided along with multiple supplement (P<0.05). Fecal N was decreased by multiple supplement (P<0.06). Despite these effects, no effect was verified on either body N accretion (P≥0.48) or microbial N production in the rumen (P≥0.27). Virginiamycin decreased the blood IGF-1 (P<0.07). The hepatic gene expression for propionyl-CoA carboxylase was increased by virginiamycin (P<0.01). Virginiamycin increased the hepatic gene expression of both citrate synthase and pyrivate carboxylase when mineral mixture was provided (P<0.01), but decreased it when animals were fed multiple supplement (P<0.04). Using a low-intake multiple supplement with a high CP content for cattle fed high-quality forage causes a substitutive effect on forage intake, but keeps nitrogen accretion unchanged. That pattern indicates an improvement in feed efficiency. On the other hand, virginiamycin supplementation seems to cause some post-prandial influences, which may vary according to the type of supplement. Those influences apparently improve animal efficiency. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:38:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56c542377b47402ebd5b52293257fd84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6225 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:38:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Animal Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-56c542377b47402ebd5b52293257fd842022-12-22T02:34:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Animal Science2673-62252022-10-01310.3389/fanim.2022.10004901000490Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forageRaphaela C. Vidal0Nicole S.A. Lima1Claudia B. Sampaio2Marcio S. Duarte3Edenio Detmann4Edenio Detmann5Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SwedenThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. Eight Brahman heifers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The treatments were: mineral mixture, mineral mixture with virginiamycin, multiple supplement, and multiple supplement with virginiamycin. The basal diet consisted of a high-quality Tifton 85 hay (Cynodom sp.) chopped at 10-cm particle size and fed twice daily. The mineral mixture was provided daily at 120 g/animal. The multiple supplement was formulated to provide 300 g of crude protein (CP)/kg as fed, contained mineral mixture, corn grain, and urea: ammonium sulfate, and was daily provided at 200 g/animal. The mineral mixture and multiple supplement provided the same daily amount of minerals. The amount of supplemental virginiamycin was based on a maximum theoretical response on animal performance (50 mg/100 kg body weight) and daily mixed to the supplements types. The treatments were compared according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (mineral mixture and multiple supplement, with or without virginiamycin). The virginiamycin supplementation did not alter either voluntary intake or digestibility (P≥0.44). Using the multiple supplement decreased forage (P<0.05) and digested organic matter (DOM, P<0.10) intake, but increased dietary CP : DOM ratio (P<0.01). The multiple supplement increased the ruminal ammonia concentration (P<0.04) and the acetate-to-propionate ratio (P<0.06). Virginiamycin increased urinary nitrogen (N) when provided along with multiple supplement (P<0.05). Fecal N was decreased by multiple supplement (P<0.06). Despite these effects, no effect was verified on either body N accretion (P≥0.48) or microbial N production in the rumen (P≥0.27). Virginiamycin decreased the blood IGF-1 (P<0.07). The hepatic gene expression for propionyl-CoA carboxylase was increased by virginiamycin (P<0.01). Virginiamycin increased the hepatic gene expression of both citrate synthase and pyrivate carboxylase when mineral mixture was provided (P<0.01), but decreased it when animals were fed multiple supplement (P<0.04). Using a low-intake multiple supplement with a high CP content for cattle fed high-quality forage causes a substitutive effect on forage intake, but keeps nitrogen accretion unchanged. That pattern indicates an improvement in feed efficiency. On the other hand, virginiamycin supplementation seems to cause some post-prandial influences, which may vary according to the type of supplement. Those influences apparently improve animal efficiency.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2022.1000490/fulladditivesBrahmannitrogen balancesupplementationvoluntary intake |
| spellingShingle | Raphaela C. Vidal Nicole S.A. Lima Claudia B. Sampaio Marcio S. Duarte Edenio Detmann Edenio Detmann Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage Frontiers in Animal Science additives Brahman nitrogen balance supplementation voluntary intake |
| title | Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage |
| title_full | Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage |
| title_fullStr | Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage |
| title_short | Association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high-quality tropical forage |
| title_sort | association of virginiamycin and multiple supplement for cattle fed a high quality tropical forage |
| topic | additives Brahman nitrogen balance supplementation voluntary intake |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fanim.2022.1000490/full |
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