Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation
Phytohormones have a role in stress adaptation. The major mechanism underlying the role of exogenously-sourced nitric oxide (NO; as sodium nitroprusside, SNP: 50.0 µM) and salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) in the presence of 2.0 mM SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup> was assessed in heat s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3131 |
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| author | Faisal Rasheed Iqbal R. Mir Zebus Sehar Mehar Fatma Harsha Gautam Sheen Khan Naser A. Anjum Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Nafees A. Khan |
| author_facet | Faisal Rasheed Iqbal R. Mir Zebus Sehar Mehar Fatma Harsha Gautam Sheen Khan Naser A. Anjum Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Nafees A. Khan |
| author_sort | Faisal Rasheed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phytohormones have a role in stress adaptation. The major mechanism underlying the role of exogenously-sourced nitric oxide (NO; as sodium nitroprusside, SNP: 50.0 µM) and salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) in the presence of 2.0 mM SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup> was assessed in heat stress (HS; 40 °C for 6 h daily for 15 days) tolerance in wheat <i>(Triticum aestivum</i> L. cv. HD-3226). The cultivar HD-3226 possessed high photosynthetic sulfur use efficiency (p-SUE) among the six cultivars screened. Plants grown under HS exhibited an increased content of reactive oxygen species (ROS; including superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and extent of lipid peroxidation with a consequent reduction in photosynthesis and growth. However, both NO and SA were found to be protective against HS via enhanced S assimilation. Their application reduced oxidative stress and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. NO or SA supplementation along with S under HS recovered the losses and improved photosynthesis and growth. The use of SA inhibitor (2-aminoindane-2-phosphonic acid; AIP) and NO scavenger (cPTIO) confirmed that the mitigating effects of SA and NO involved induction in S assimilation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56ca998cc8534280892a726a5c803c78 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:03:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-56ca998cc8534280892a726a5c803c782023-11-24T09:40:07ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-11-011122313110.3390/plants11223131Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur AssimilationFaisal Rasheed0Iqbal R. Mir1Zebus Sehar2Mehar Fatma3Harsha Gautam4Sheen Khan5Naser A. Anjum6Asim Masood7Adriano Sofo8Nafees A. Khan9Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaDepartment of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, ItalyPlant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, IndiaPhytohormones have a role in stress adaptation. The major mechanism underlying the role of exogenously-sourced nitric oxide (NO; as sodium nitroprusside, SNP: 50.0 µM) and salicylic acid (SA; 0.5 mM) in the presence of 2.0 mM SO<sub>4</sub><sup>−2</sup> was assessed in heat stress (HS; 40 °C for 6 h daily for 15 days) tolerance in wheat <i>(Triticum aestivum</i> L. cv. HD-3226). The cultivar HD-3226 possessed high photosynthetic sulfur use efficiency (p-SUE) among the six cultivars screened. Plants grown under HS exhibited an increased content of reactive oxygen species (ROS; including superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) and extent of lipid peroxidation with a consequent reduction in photosynthesis and growth. However, both NO and SA were found to be protective against HS via enhanced S assimilation. Their application reduced oxidative stress and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. NO or SA supplementation along with S under HS recovered the losses and improved photosynthesis and growth. The use of SA inhibitor (2-aminoindane-2-phosphonic acid; AIP) and NO scavenger (cPTIO) confirmed that the mitigating effects of SA and NO involved induction in S assimilation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3131heat tolerancenitric oxidephotosynthesissalicylic acidwheat |
| spellingShingle | Faisal Rasheed Iqbal R. Mir Zebus Sehar Mehar Fatma Harsha Gautam Sheen Khan Naser A. Anjum Asim Masood Adriano Sofo Nafees A. Khan Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation Plants heat tolerance nitric oxide photosynthesis salicylic acid wheat |
| title | Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation |
| title_full | Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation |
| title_fullStr | Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation |
| title_short | Nitric Oxide and Salicylic Acid Regulate Glutathione and Ethylene Production to Enhance Heat Stress Acclimation in Wheat Involving Sulfur Assimilation |
| title_sort | nitric oxide and salicylic acid regulate glutathione and ethylene production to enhance heat stress acclimation in wheat involving sulfur assimilation |
| topic | heat tolerance nitric oxide photosynthesis salicylic acid wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/22/3131 |
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