Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane ATPase AHA5 Is Negatively Involved in PAMP-Triggered Immunity
Plants evolve a prompt and robust immune system to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first battle layer activated upon the PAMP’s perception, which leads to multiple defense responses. The plasma membrane (PM)...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3857 |
| Summary: | Plants evolve a prompt and robust immune system to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first battle layer activated upon the PAMP’s perception, which leads to multiple defense responses. The plasma membrane (PM) H<sup>+</sup>-ATPases are the primary ion pumps to create and maintain the cellular membrane potential that is critical for various essential biological processes, including plant growth, development, and defense. This study discovered that the PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase AHA5 is negatively involved in Arabidopsis PTI against the virulent pathogen <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pvr. <i>tomato</i> (<i>Pto</i>) DC3000 infection. The <i>aha5</i> mutant plants caused the reduced stomata opening upon the <i>Pto</i> infection, which was associated with the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In addition, the <i>aha5</i> mutant plants caused the increased levels of callose deposition, defense-related gene expression, and SA accumulation. Our results also indicate that the PM H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity of AHA5 probably mediates the coupling of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> generation and the apoplast alkalization in PTI responses. Moreover, AHA5 was found to interact with a vital defense regulator, RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), in vitro and in vivo, which might also be critical for its function in PTI. In summary, our studies show that AHA5 functions as a novel and critical component that is negatively involved in PTI by coordinating different defense responses during the Arabidopsis–<i>Pto</i> DC3000 interaction. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |