| Summary: | (1) Background: The properties of CAD/CAM resin-based composites differ due to differences in their composition. Instrumented indentation testing can help to analyze these differences with respect to hardness, as well as energy-converting capabilities due to viscoelastic behavior. (2) Methods: Eleven materials were investigated using instrumented indentation testing. Indentation depth (h<sub>r</sub>), Martens hardness (H<sub>M</sub>), indentation hardness (H<sub>IT</sub>), indentation modulus (E<sub>IT</sub>), the elastic part of indentation work (η<sub>IT</sub>), and indentation creep (C<sub>IT</sub>) were investigated, and statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, and Pearson correlation (α = 0.05). (3) Results: All of the investigated parameters revealed differences between the analyzed materials. Besides the differences in hardness-associated parameters (h<sub>r</sub>, H<sub>M</sub>, and H<sub>IT</sub>), instrumented indentation testing demonstrated differences in energy-converting properties. The subsequent one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01, Pearson correlation >0.576) correlation between the materials and H<sub>M</sub>, H<sub>IT</sub>, or E<sub>IT</sub> was identified. (4) Conclusions: Due to the differences found in the energy-converting properties of the investigated materials, certain CAD/CAM resin-based composites could show superior stress-breaking capabilities than others. The consequential reduction in stress build-up may prove to beneficial, especially for implant-retained restorations or patients suffering from parafunctions.
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