Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study
In this paper, solid base catalyst KF/CLW-Fe3O4 was prepared from carbide lime waste, primarily calcium hydroxide with tiny amounts of carbonate and; the catalyst was used in the optimization study on the methyl ester production. The new strong base catalyst was synthesized by chemical impregnation....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12348 |
| _version_ | 1797677884500869120 |
|---|---|
| author | Hong Hua Lim Fei Ling Pua R. Othman Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Shamala Gowri Krishnan |
| author_facet | Hong Hua Lim Fei Ling Pua R. Othman Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Shamala Gowri Krishnan |
| author_sort | Hong Hua Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, solid base catalyst KF/CLW-Fe3O4 was prepared from carbide lime waste, primarily calcium hydroxide with tiny amounts of carbonate and; the catalyst was used in the optimization study on the methyl ester production. The new strong base catalyst was synthesized by chemical impregnation. This catalyst was characterized by Hammett indicator analysis, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide. The catalyst was further used to catalyzed the transesterification reaction to produce methyl ester. Taguchi method was used to assess the impact of catalyst at different intervals of reaction parameters, including reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst loading. A mixed level of orthogonal array design with L9, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise ratio were used to determine parameters that significantly impact the palm oil transesterification reaction. High methyl ester conversion was attained, and the catalyst can be easily separated and reused. KF/CLW-Fe3O4 has great potential to be used to produce methyl ester because of its high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:51:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56d39ff04f9f46d0a51806ee33c4a3a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-2993 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:51:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis |
| spelling | doaj.art-56d39ff04f9f46d0a51806ee33c4a3a42023-09-22T03:26:41ZengMasyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis1978-29932022-03-0117112713410.9767/bcrec.17.1.12348.127-1345815Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization StudyHong Hua Lim0Fei Ling Pua1R. Othman2Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3994-6720Shamala Gowri Krishnan4Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaMineral Research Centre, Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400, Ipoh, Perak, MalaysiaChancellery Building, Level 5 & 6, South Block, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MalaysiaCollege of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaIn this paper, solid base catalyst KF/CLW-Fe3O4 was prepared from carbide lime waste, primarily calcium hydroxide with tiny amounts of carbonate and; the catalyst was used in the optimization study on the methyl ester production. The new strong base catalyst was synthesized by chemical impregnation. This catalyst was characterized by Hammett indicator analysis, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide. The catalyst was further used to catalyzed the transesterification reaction to produce methyl ester. Taguchi method was used to assess the impact of catalyst at different intervals of reaction parameters, including reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, and catalyst loading. A mixed level of orthogonal array design with L9, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise ratio were used to determine parameters that significantly impact the palm oil transesterification reaction. High methyl ester conversion was attained, and the catalyst can be easily separated and reused. KF/CLW-Fe3O4 has great potential to be used to produce methyl ester because of its high catalytic activity and environmental friendliness. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12348solid base catalystcarbide limetransesterificationoptimizationkf/clw-fe3o4 |
| spellingShingle | Hong Hua Lim Fei Ling Pua R. Othman Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Shamala Gowri Krishnan Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis solid base catalyst carbide lime transesterification optimization kf/clw-fe3o4 |
| title | Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study |
| title_full | Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study |
| title_short | Synthesis of Carbide Lime Waste Derived Base Catalyst (KF/CLW-Fe3O4) for Methyl Ester Production: An Optimization Study |
| title_sort | synthesis of carbide lime waste derived base catalyst kf clw fe3o4 for methyl ester production an optimization study |
| topic | solid base catalyst carbide lime transesterification optimization kf/clw-fe3o4 |
| url | https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12348 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT honghualim synthesisofcarbidelimewastederivedbasecatalystkfclwfe3o4formethylesterproductionanoptimizationstudy AT feilingpua synthesisofcarbidelimewastederivedbasecatalystkfclwfe3o4formethylesterproductionanoptimizationstudy AT rothman synthesisofcarbidelimewastederivedbasecatalystkfclwfe3o4formethylesterproductionanoptimizationstudy AT yunhintaufiqyap synthesisofcarbidelimewastederivedbasecatalystkfclwfe3o4formethylesterproductionanoptimizationstudy AT shamalagowrikrishnan synthesisofcarbidelimewastederivedbasecatalystkfclwfe3o4formethylesterproductionanoptimizationstudy |