Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae)
Host range confirmation of invasive hemipterans relies on the evaluation of plant susceptibility though greenhouse or field trials, which are inefficient and time-consuming. When the green industry faces the fast-spreading threat of invasive pests such as crapemyrtle bark scale (<i>Acanthococc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-05-01
|
| Series: | Insects |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/495 |
| _version_ | 1797486220919439360 |
|---|---|
| author | Bin Wu Elizabeth Chun Runshi Xie Gary W. Knox Mengmeng Gu Hongmin Qin |
| author_facet | Bin Wu Elizabeth Chun Runshi Xie Gary W. Knox Mengmeng Gu Hongmin Qin |
| author_sort | Bin Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Host range confirmation of invasive hemipterans relies on the evaluation of plant susceptibility though greenhouse or field trials, which are inefficient and time-consuming. When the green industry faces the fast-spreading threat of invasive pests such as crapemyrtle bark scale (<i>Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae</i>), it is imperative to timely identify potential host plants and evaluate plant resistance/susceptibility to pest infestation. In this study, we developed an alternative technology to complement the conventional host confirmation methods. We used electrical penetration graph (EPG) based technology to monitor the <i>A. lagerstroemiae</i> stylet-tip position when it was probing in different plant tissues in real-time. The frequency and relative amplitude of insect EPG waveforms were extracted by an R programming-based software written to generate eleven EPG parameters for comparative analysis between plant species. The results demonstrated that the occurrences of phloem phase and xylem phase offered conclusive evidence for host plant evaluation. Furthermore, parameters including the percentage of insects capable of accessing phloem tissue, time duration spent on initiating phloem phase and ingesting phloem sap, provided insight into why host plant susceptibility differs among similar plant species. In summary, this study developed a novel real-time diagnostic tool for quick <i>A. lagerstroemiae</i> host confirmation, which laid the essential foundation for effective pest management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:30:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56d72478efe042fa8b75a1abd4804ad7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:30:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-56d72478efe042fa8b75a1abd4804ad72023-11-23T17:10:45ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-05-0113649510.3390/insects13060495Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae)Bin Wu0Elizabeth Chun1Runshi Xie2Gary W. Knox3Mengmeng Gu4Hongmin Qin5Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida/IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, FL 32351, USADepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, College Station, TX 77843, USADepartment of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAHost range confirmation of invasive hemipterans relies on the evaluation of plant susceptibility though greenhouse or field trials, which are inefficient and time-consuming. When the green industry faces the fast-spreading threat of invasive pests such as crapemyrtle bark scale (<i>Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae</i>), it is imperative to timely identify potential host plants and evaluate plant resistance/susceptibility to pest infestation. In this study, we developed an alternative technology to complement the conventional host confirmation methods. We used electrical penetration graph (EPG) based technology to monitor the <i>A. lagerstroemiae</i> stylet-tip position when it was probing in different plant tissues in real-time. The frequency and relative amplitude of insect EPG waveforms were extracted by an R programming-based software written to generate eleven EPG parameters for comparative analysis between plant species. The results demonstrated that the occurrences of phloem phase and xylem phase offered conclusive evidence for host plant evaluation. Furthermore, parameters including the percentage of insects capable of accessing phloem tissue, time duration spent on initiating phloem phase and ingesting phloem sap, provided insight into why host plant susceptibility differs among similar plant species. In summary, this study developed a novel real-time diagnostic tool for quick <i>A. lagerstroemiae</i> host confirmation, which laid the essential foundation for effective pest management.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/495<i>Lagerstroemia</i>crapemyrtle<i>Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae</i>crapemyrtle bark scaleCMBSelectrical penetration graph |
| spellingShingle | Bin Wu Elizabeth Chun Runshi Xie Gary W. Knox Mengmeng Gu Hongmin Qin Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) Insects <i>Lagerstroemia</i> crapemyrtle <i>Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae</i> crapemyrtle bark scale CMBS electrical penetration graph |
| title | Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) |
| title_full | Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) |
| title_fullStr | Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) |
| title_short | Real-Time Feeding Behavior Monitoring by Electrical Penetration Graph Rapidly Reveals Host Plant Susceptibility to Crapemyrtle Bark Scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) |
| title_sort | real time feeding behavior monitoring by electrical penetration graph rapidly reveals host plant susceptibility to crapemyrtle bark scale hemiptera eriococcidae |
| topic | <i>Lagerstroemia</i> crapemyrtle <i>Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae</i> crapemyrtle bark scale CMBS electrical penetration graph |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/6/495 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT binwu realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae AT elizabethchun realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae AT runshixie realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae AT garywknox realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae AT mengmenggu realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae AT hongminqin realtimefeedingbehaviormonitoringbyelectricalpenetrationgraphrapidlyrevealshostplantsusceptibilitytocrapemyrtlebarkscalehemipteraeriococcidae |