δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia
Hypoxia and ischemia are the main underlying pathogenesis of stroke and other neurological disorders. Cerebral hypoxia and/or ischemia (e.g., stroke) can lead to neuronal injury/death and eventually cause serious neurological disorders or even death in the patients. Despite knowing these serious con...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00421/full |
| _version_ | 1828966025679339520 |
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| author | Yi-Meng Chen Xiao-Zhou He Shu-Ming Wang Ying Xia |
| author_facet | Yi-Meng Chen Xiao-Zhou He Shu-Ming Wang Ying Xia |
| author_sort | Yi-Meng Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypoxia and ischemia are the main underlying pathogenesis of stroke and other neurological disorders. Cerebral hypoxia and/or ischemia (e.g., stroke) can lead to neuronal injury/death and eventually cause serious neurological disorders or even death in the patients. Despite knowing these serious consequences, there are limited neuroprotective strategies against hypoxic and ischemic insults in clinical settings. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are of great importance in regulating cerebral responses to hypoxic/ischemic stress in addition to the neuroprotective effect of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). Moreover, new discovery shows that DOR can regulate miRNA expression and inhibit inflammatory responses to hypoxia/ischemia. We, therefore, summarize available data in current literature regarding the role of DOR and miRNAs in regulating the neuroinflammatory responses in this article. In particular, we focus on microglia activation, cytokine production, and the relevant signaling pathways triggered by cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. The intent of this review article is to provide a novel clue for developing new strategies against neuroinflammatory injury resulting from cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:23:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56decf87d5e442879f74074416195528 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:23:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-56decf87d5e442879f740744161955282022-12-21T23:03:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-03-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.00421501461δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/HypoxiaYi-Meng Chen0Xiao-Zhou He1Shu-Ming Wang2Ying Xia3Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, ChinaDepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United StatesShanghai Key Laboratory of Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaHypoxia and ischemia are the main underlying pathogenesis of stroke and other neurological disorders. Cerebral hypoxia and/or ischemia (e.g., stroke) can lead to neuronal injury/death and eventually cause serious neurological disorders or even death in the patients. Despite knowing these serious consequences, there are limited neuroprotective strategies against hypoxic and ischemic insults in clinical settings. Recent studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are of great importance in regulating cerebral responses to hypoxic/ischemic stress in addition to the neuroprotective effect of the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). Moreover, new discovery shows that DOR can regulate miRNA expression and inhibit inflammatory responses to hypoxia/ischemia. We, therefore, summarize available data in current literature regarding the role of DOR and miRNAs in regulating the neuroinflammatory responses in this article. In particular, we focus on microglia activation, cytokine production, and the relevant signaling pathways triggered by cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. The intent of this review article is to provide a novel clue for developing new strategies against neuroinflammatory injury resulting from cerebral hypoxia/ischemia.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00421/fullbrain injuryhypoxiaischemiamicroRNAsδ-opioid receptor (DOR)neuroinflammatory response |
| spellingShingle | Yi-Meng Chen Xiao-Zhou He Shu-Ming Wang Ying Xia δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia Frontiers in Immunology brain injury hypoxia ischemia microRNAs δ-opioid receptor (DOR) neuroinflammatory response |
| title | δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia |
| title_full | δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia |
| title_fullStr | δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia |
| title_full_unstemmed | δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia |
| title_short | δ-Opioid Receptors, microRNAs, and Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia/Hypoxia |
| title_sort | δ opioid receptors micrornas and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia hypoxia |
| topic | brain injury hypoxia ischemia microRNAs δ-opioid receptor (DOR) neuroinflammatory response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00421/full |
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