Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between diet and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer remains unknown. Methods The UK Biobank provided summary-level genome-wide association stu...

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Main Authors: Mengyang He, Luyao Huan, Xuan Wang, Yingyi Fan, Jinchang Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-01-01
Series:BMC Medical Genomics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01782-7
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author Mengyang He
Luyao Huan
Xuan Wang
Yingyi Fan
Jinchang Huang
author_facet Mengyang He
Luyao Huan
Xuan Wang
Yingyi Fan
Jinchang Huang
author_sort Mengyang He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between diet and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer remains unknown. Methods The UK Biobank provided summary-level genome-wide association study data for nine dietary habits, including alcohol consumption (n = 549,703), instant coffee consumption (n = 250,308), fruit consumption (n = 210,947), meat consumption (n = 210,947), full cream milk consumption (n = 41,306), sweets consumption (n = 25,521), tea consumption (n = 501,494), vegetable consumption (n = 210,947), and yogurt/ice cream consumption (n = 210,947). Additionally, data on colorectal cancer were collected, consisting of 5,567 cases and 372,016 controls. The MR analysis employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR multivariate residuals tests. Results In the predominantly European population, a positive association was observed between vegetables (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.000-1.029, p = 0.048) and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The results for vegetable did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. However, no strong evidence was found for other dietary factors, such as alcohol (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 0.974–1.051, p = 0.556), fruit (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.986–1.029, p = 0.512), meat (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.987–1.026, p = 0.968), full cream milk (OR = 1.019, 95% CI = 0.979–1.061, p = 0.357), sweets (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.991–1.004, p = 0.524), and tea (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.994–1.009, p = 0.672), with regards to colorectal cancer risk in the European population. Conclusions Our study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations for CRC prevention, with greater emphasis adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.
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spelling doaj.art-56e3b48f65154a0aa64a36388a1a35202024-01-21T12:39:08ZengBMCBMC Medical Genomics1755-87942024-01-0117111110.1186/s12920-023-01782-7Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization studyMengyang He0Luyao Huan1Xuan Wang2Yingyi Fan3Jinchang Huang4Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineXiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGraduate School, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated HospitalBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated HospitalAbstract Background Epidemiological studies have provided evidence that there is an association between diet and colorectal cancer. However, the causal relationship between dietary habits and colorectal cancer remains unknown. Methods The UK Biobank provided summary-level genome-wide association study data for nine dietary habits, including alcohol consumption (n = 549,703), instant coffee consumption (n = 250,308), fruit consumption (n = 210,947), meat consumption (n = 210,947), full cream milk consumption (n = 41,306), sweets consumption (n = 25,521), tea consumption (n = 501,494), vegetable consumption (n = 210,947), and yogurt/ice cream consumption (n = 210,947). Additionally, data on colorectal cancer were collected, consisting of 5,567 cases and 372,016 controls. The MR analysis employed inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR multivariate residuals tests. Results In the predominantly European population, a positive association was observed between vegetables (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.000-1.029, p = 0.048) and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The results for vegetable did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. However, no strong evidence was found for other dietary factors, such as alcohol (OR = 1.012, 95% CI = 0.974–1.051, p = 0.556), fruit (OR = 1.007, 95% CI = 0.986–1.029, p = 0.512), meat (OR = 1.000, 95% CI = 0.987–1.026, p = 0.968), full cream milk (OR = 1.019, 95% CI = 0.979–1.061, p = 0.357), sweets (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.991–1.004, p = 0.524), and tea (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 0.994–1.009, p = 0.672), with regards to colorectal cancer risk in the European population. Conclusions Our study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach to dietary recommendations for CRC prevention, with greater emphasis adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01782-7CausalityDietaryMendelian randomizationColorectal cancer
spellingShingle Mengyang He
Luyao Huan
Xuan Wang
Yingyi Fan
Jinchang Huang
Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
BMC Medical Genomics
Causality
Dietary
Mendelian randomization
Colorectal cancer
title Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_full Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_fullStr Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_full_unstemmed Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_short Nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
title_sort nine dietary habits and risk of colorectal cancer a mendelian randomization study
topic Causality
Dietary
Mendelian randomization
Colorectal cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-023-01782-7
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