Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section
Background. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. This disease has spread rapidly around the world and soon became an international public health emergency leading to an unpredicted pressure on the hospital emergency units...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/176 |
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| author | Flavio Maria Ceci Marco Fiore Francesca Gavaruzzi Antonio Angeloni Marco Lucarelli Carolina Scagnolari Enea Bonci Francesca Gabanella Maria Grazia Di Certo Christian Barbato Carla Petrella Antonio Greco Marco De Vincentiis Massimo Ralli Claudio Passananti Roberto Poscia Antonio Minni Mauro Ceccanti Luigi Tarani Giampiero Ferraguti |
| author_facet | Flavio Maria Ceci Marco Fiore Francesca Gavaruzzi Antonio Angeloni Marco Lucarelli Carolina Scagnolari Enea Bonci Francesca Gabanella Maria Grazia Di Certo Christian Barbato Carla Petrella Antonio Greco Marco De Vincentiis Massimo Ralli Claudio Passananti Roberto Poscia Antonio Minni Mauro Ceccanti Luigi Tarani Giampiero Ferraguti |
| author_sort | Flavio Maria Ceci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. This disease has spread rapidly around the world and soon became an international public health emergency leading to an unpredicted pressure on the hospital emergency units. Early routine blood biomarkers could be key predicting factors of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality as suggested for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, prothrombin and D-dimer. This study aims to identify other early routine blood biomarkers for COVID-19 severity prediction disclosed directly into the emergency section. Methods. Our research was conducted on 156 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Sapienza University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I” of Rome, Italy, between March 2020 and April 2020 during the paroxysm’s initial phase of the pandemic. In this retrospective study, patients were divided into three groups according to their outcome: (1) emergency group (patients who entered the emergency room and were discharged shortly after because they did not show severe symptoms); (2) intensive care unit (ICU) group (patients who attended the ICU after admission to the emergency unit); (3) the deceased group (patients with a fatal outcome who attended the emergency and, afterward, the ICU units). Routine laboratory tests from medical records were collected when patients were admitted to the emergency unit. We focused on Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine kinase (CK), Myoglobin (MGB), Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer. Results. As expected, ANOVA data show an age morbidity increase in both ICU and deceased groups compared with the emergency group. A main effect of morbidity was revealed by ANOVA for all the analyzed parameters with an elevation between the emergency group and the deceased group. Furthermore, a significant increase in LDH, Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer was also observed between the ICU group and the emergency group and between the deceased group and ICU group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed and extended these findings. Conclusions. This study suggests that the contemporaneous presence of high levels of LDH, Ferritin, and as expected, CRP, and D-dimer could be considered as potential predictors of COVID-19 severity and death. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-56e3f96146b44aceb7dd2d70ebd7982e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:38:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-56e3f96146b44aceb7dd2d70ebd7982e2023-11-23T13:29:33ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-01-0112117610.3390/diagnostics12010176Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency SectionFlavio Maria Ceci0Marco Fiore1Francesca Gavaruzzi2Antonio Angeloni3Marco Lucarelli4Carolina Scagnolari5Enea Bonci6Francesca Gabanella7Maria Grazia Di Certo8Christian Barbato9Carla Petrella10Antonio Greco11Marco De Vincentiis12Massimo Ralli13Claudio Passananti14Roberto Poscia15Antonio Minni16Mauro Ceccanti17Luigi Tarani18Giampiero Ferraguti19Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyLaboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyInstitute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM-CNR), 00185 Rome, ItalyUnita di Ricerca Clinica e Clinical Competence-Direzione Generale, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalySocietà Italiana per il Trattamento dell’Alcolismo e le sue Complicanze (SITAC), 00184 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, ItalyBackground. COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. This disease has spread rapidly around the world and soon became an international public health emergency leading to an unpredicted pressure on the hospital emergency units. Early routine blood biomarkers could be key predicting factors of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality as suggested for C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, prothrombin and D-dimer. This study aims to identify other early routine blood biomarkers for COVID-19 severity prediction disclosed directly into the emergency section. Methods. Our research was conducted on 156 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Sapienza University Hospital “Policlinico Umberto I” of Rome, Italy, between March 2020 and April 2020 during the paroxysm’s initial phase of the pandemic. In this retrospective study, patients were divided into three groups according to their outcome: (1) emergency group (patients who entered the emergency room and were discharged shortly after because they did not show severe symptoms); (2) intensive care unit (ICU) group (patients who attended the ICU after admission to the emergency unit); (3) the deceased group (patients with a fatal outcome who attended the emergency and, afterward, the ICU units). Routine laboratory tests from medical records were collected when patients were admitted to the emergency unit. We focused on Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine kinase (CK), Myoglobin (MGB), Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer. Results. As expected, ANOVA data show an age morbidity increase in both ICU and deceased groups compared with the emergency group. A main effect of morbidity was revealed by ANOVA for all the analyzed parameters with an elevation between the emergency group and the deceased group. Furthermore, a significant increase in LDH, Ferritin, CRP, and D-dimer was also observed between the ICU group and the emergency group and between the deceased group and ICU group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed and extended these findings. Conclusions. This study suggests that the contemporaneous presence of high levels of LDH, Ferritin, and as expected, CRP, and D-dimer could be considered as potential predictors of COVID-19 severity and death.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/176COVID-19SARS-CoV-2emergency sectionintensive care unitmortalitymorbidity |
| spellingShingle | Flavio Maria Ceci Marco Fiore Francesca Gavaruzzi Antonio Angeloni Marco Lucarelli Carolina Scagnolari Enea Bonci Francesca Gabanella Maria Grazia Di Certo Christian Barbato Carla Petrella Antonio Greco Marco De Vincentiis Massimo Ralli Claudio Passananti Roberto Poscia Antonio Minni Mauro Ceccanti Luigi Tarani Giampiero Ferraguti Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section Diagnostics COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 emergency section intensive care unit mortality morbidity |
| title | Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section |
| title_full | Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section |
| title_fullStr | Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section |
| title_short | Early Routine Biomarkers of SARS-CoV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Outcomes from an Emergency Section |
| title_sort | early routine biomarkers of sars cov 2 morbidity and mortality outcomes from an emergency section |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 emergency section intensive care unit mortality morbidity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/1/176 |
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