Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population
Rats are a reservoir of human- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). However, the composition of the natural <i>S. aureus</i> population in wild and laboratory rats is largely unknown. Here, 144 nasal <i>S. aureus</i>...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/80 |
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| author | Dina Raafat Daniel M. Mrochen Fawaz Al’Sholui Elisa Heuser René Ryll Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning Jens Jacob Bernd Walther Franz-Rainer Matuschka Dania Richter Uta Westerhüs Jiri Pikula Jens van den Brandt Werner Nicklas Stefan Monecke Birgit Strommenger Sarah van Alen Karsten Becker Rainer G. Ulrich Silva Holtfreter |
| author_facet | Dina Raafat Daniel M. Mrochen Fawaz Al’Sholui Elisa Heuser René Ryll Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning Jens Jacob Bernd Walther Franz-Rainer Matuschka Dania Richter Uta Westerhüs Jiri Pikula Jens van den Brandt Werner Nicklas Stefan Monecke Birgit Strommenger Sarah van Alen Karsten Becker Rainer G. Ulrich Silva Holtfreter |
| author_sort | Dina Raafat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rats are a reservoir of human- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). However, the composition of the natural <i>S. aureus</i> population in wild and laboratory rats is largely unknown. Here, 144 nasal <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from free-living wild rats, captive wild rats and laboratory rats were genotyped and profiled for antibiotic resistances and human-specific virulence genes. The nasal <i>S. aureus</i> carriage rate was higher among wild rats (23.4%) than laboratory rats (12.3%). Free-living wild rats were primarily colonized with isolates of clonal complex (CC) 49 and CC130 and maintained these strains even in husbandry. Moreover, upon livestock contact, CC398 isolates were acquired. In contrast, laboratory rats were colonized with many different <i>S. aureus</i> lineages—many of which are commonly found in humans. Five captive wild rats were colonized with CC398-MRSA. Moreover, a single CC30-MRSA and two CC130-MRSA were detected in free-living or captive wild rats. Rat-derived <i>S. aureus</i> isolates rarely harbored the phage-carried immune evasion gene cluster or superantigen genes, suggesting long-term adaptation to their host. Taken together, our study revealed a natural <i>S. aureus</i> population in wild rats, as well as a colonization pressure on wild and laboratory rats by exposure to livestock- and human-associated <i>S. aureus</i>, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:21:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-56ecb2bb52cb4ae6b67901d7b95da0e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T02:21:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-56ecb2bb52cb4ae6b67901d7b95da0e32022-12-22T02:18:01ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-01-011228010.3390/toxins12020080toxins12020080Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> PopulationDina Raafat0Daniel M. Mrochen1Fawaz Al’Sholui2Elisa Heuser3René Ryll4Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning5Jens Jacob6Bernd Walther7Franz-Rainer Matuschka8Dania Richter9Uta Westerhüs10Jiri Pikula11Jens van den Brandt12Werner Nicklas13Stefan Monecke14Birgit Strommenger15Sarah van Alen16Karsten Becker17Rainer G. Ulrich18Silva Holtfreter19Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyResearch and Professional Services, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA 01887, USAJulius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Vertebrate Research, 48161 Münster, GermanyJulius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forestry, Vertebrate Research, 48161 Münster, GermanyOutpatient Clinic, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, GermanyInstitute of Geoecology, Landscape Ecology & Environmental Systems Analysis, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germanyvon Opel Hessische Zoostiftung, 61476 Kronberg im Taunus, GermanyDepartment of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech RepublicCentral Core & Research Facility of Laboratory Animals, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Microbiological Diagnostics, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, GermanyNational Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Robert-Koch-Institute, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, GermanyInstitute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, GermanyFriedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyRats are a reservoir of human- and livestock-associated methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). However, the composition of the natural <i>S. aureus</i> population in wild and laboratory rats is largely unknown. Here, 144 nasal <i>S. aureus</i> isolates from free-living wild rats, captive wild rats and laboratory rats were genotyped and profiled for antibiotic resistances and human-specific virulence genes. The nasal <i>S. aureus</i> carriage rate was higher among wild rats (23.4%) than laboratory rats (12.3%). Free-living wild rats were primarily colonized with isolates of clonal complex (CC) 49 and CC130 and maintained these strains even in husbandry. Moreover, upon livestock contact, CC398 isolates were acquired. In contrast, laboratory rats were colonized with many different <i>S. aureus</i> lineages—many of which are commonly found in humans. Five captive wild rats were colonized with CC398-MRSA. Moreover, a single CC30-MRSA and two CC130-MRSA were detected in free-living or captive wild rats. Rat-derived <i>S. aureus</i> isolates rarely harbored the phage-carried immune evasion gene cluster or superantigen genes, suggesting long-term adaptation to their host. Taken together, our study revealed a natural <i>S. aureus</i> population in wild rats, as well as a colonization pressure on wild and laboratory rats by exposure to livestock- and human-associated <i>S. aureus</i>, respectively.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/80<i>staphylococcus aureus</i>ratclonal complexhost adaptationlivestocklaboratorycoagulationimmune evasion clusterhabitatepidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Dina Raafat Daniel M. Mrochen Fawaz Al’Sholui Elisa Heuser René Ryll Kathleen R. Pritchett-Corning Jens Jacob Bernd Walther Franz-Rainer Matuschka Dania Richter Uta Westerhüs Jiri Pikula Jens van den Brandt Werner Nicklas Stefan Monecke Birgit Strommenger Sarah van Alen Karsten Becker Rainer G. Ulrich Silva Holtfreter Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population Toxins <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> rat clonal complex host adaptation livestock laboratory coagulation immune evasion cluster habitat epidemiology |
| title | Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population |
| title_full | Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population |
| title_short | Molecular Epidemiology of Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Wild, Captive and Laboratory Rats: Effect of Habitat on the Nasal <i>S. aureus</i> Population |
| title_sort | molecular epidemiology of methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant i staphylococcus aureus i in wild captive and laboratory rats effect of habitat on the nasal i s aureus i population |
| topic | <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> rat clonal complex host adaptation livestock laboratory coagulation immune evasion cluster habitat epidemiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/2/80 |
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