Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Wear resistant ceramic coatings were generated on novel commercially pure titanium grade 4+ alloys by the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique (PEO) in an aluminate and zirconia containing electrolyte. The coatings were obtained adopting a full regular two-level factorial design of experiments (D...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5364 |
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| author | Stephan Lederer Serkan Arat Wolfram Fuerbeth |
| author_facet | Stephan Lederer Serkan Arat Wolfram Fuerbeth |
| author_sort | Stephan Lederer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wear resistant ceramic coatings were generated on novel commercially pure titanium grade 4+ alloys by the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique (PEO) in an aluminate and zirconia containing electrolyte. The coatings were obtained adopting a full regular two-level factorial design of experiments (DoE) varying the PEO process parameters current density, repetition rate and duty cycle. The generated coatings were characterized with respect to its wear resistance and mechanical properties by reciprocal ball-on-flat tests and nanoindentation measurements. Thickness, morphology and phase formation of the PEO coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction. XRD results indicate the formation of crystalline aluminium titanate (TiAl<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) as well as t-ZrO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and alumina leading to an increase in hardness and wear resistance of the PEO coatings. Evaluation of the DoE’s parameter interaction shows that the main effects for generating wear resistant coatings are current density and repetition rate. In particular, the formation of mechanically stable and adhesive corundum and zirconia containing coatings with increasing current density and frequency turned out to be responsible for the improvement of the tribological properties. Overall, the PEO processing significantly improves the wear resistance of the CP titanium base alloy. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:28:56Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-56f18a1246c74fe995a644cd4db82dcd2023-11-22T14:02:54ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-09-011418536410.3390/ma14185364Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical ApplicationsStephan Lederer0Serkan Arat1Wolfram Fuerbeth2DECHEMA Research Institute, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA Research Institute, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyDECHEMA Research Institute, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyWear resistant ceramic coatings were generated on novel commercially pure titanium grade 4+ alloys by the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique (PEO) in an aluminate and zirconia containing electrolyte. The coatings were obtained adopting a full regular two-level factorial design of experiments (DoE) varying the PEO process parameters current density, repetition rate and duty cycle. The generated coatings were characterized with respect to its wear resistance and mechanical properties by reciprocal ball-on-flat tests and nanoindentation measurements. Thickness, morphology and phase formation of the PEO coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction. XRD results indicate the formation of crystalline aluminium titanate (TiAl<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>O<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) as well as t-ZrO<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> and alumina leading to an increase in hardness and wear resistance of the PEO coatings. Evaluation of the DoE’s parameter interaction shows that the main effects for generating wear resistant coatings are current density and repetition rate. In particular, the formation of mechanically stable and adhesive corundum and zirconia containing coatings with increasing current density and frequency turned out to be responsible for the improvement of the tribological properties. Overall, the PEO processing significantly improves the wear resistance of the CP titanium base alloy.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5364plasma electrolytic oxidationmicro-arc oxidationtitaniumwear resistancecorrosion resistance |
| spellingShingle | Stephan Lederer Serkan Arat Wolfram Fuerbeth Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications Materials plasma electrolytic oxidation micro-arc oxidation titanium wear resistance corrosion resistance |
| title | Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications |
| title_full | Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications |
| title_short | Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications |
| title_sort | influence of process parameters on the tribological behavior of peo coatings on cp titanium 4 alloys for biomedical applications |
| topic | plasma electrolytic oxidation micro-arc oxidation titanium wear resistance corrosion resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/18/5364 |
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