Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities
<i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities due to the degradation products of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. Therefore, the goals of this study were to identify volatiles using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3897 |
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| author | Ivana Vrca Blaž Jug Željana Fredotović Elma Vuko Valentina Brkan Loriana Šestić Lea Juretić Valerija Dunkić Marija Nazlić Dina Ramić Sonja Smole Možina Dario Kremer |
| author_facet | Ivana Vrca Blaž Jug Željana Fredotović Elma Vuko Valentina Brkan Loriana Šestić Lea Juretić Valerija Dunkić Marija Nazlić Dina Ramić Sonja Smole Možina Dario Kremer |
| author_sort | Ivana Vrca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities due to the degradation products of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. Therefore, the goals of this study were to identify volatiles using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) of the hydrosols (HYs) isolated using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). Cytotoxic activity was tested against a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colon cancer cell line (HCT116), human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS), and healthy cell line (RPE1). The effect on wound healing was investigated using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), while the antibacterial activity of the HYs was tested against growth and adhesion to a polystyrene surface of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Antiphytoviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was determined. The GC-MS analysis showed that the two main compounds in the HYs of <i>T. majus</i> are benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and benzyl cyanide (BCN) using the MAE (62.29% BITC and 15.02% BCN) and MHG (17.89% BITC and 65.33% BCN) extraction techniques. The HYs obtained using MAE showed better cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 472.61–637.07 µg/mL) compared to the HYs obtained using MHG (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 719.01–1307.03 μg/mL). Both concentrations (5 and 20 µg/mL) of <i>T. majus</i> HYs using MAE showed a mild but statistically non-significant effect in promoting gap closure compared with untreated cells, whereas the <i>T. majus</i> HY isolated using MHG at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed a statistically significant negative effect on wound healing. The test showed that the MIC concentration was above 0.5 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MAE, and 2 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MHG. The HY isolated using MHG reduced the adhesion of <i>E. coli</i> at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, while it also reduced the adhesion of <i>S. aureus</i> at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Both hydrosols showed excellent antiphytoviral activity against TMV, achieving100% inhibition of local lesions on the leaves of infected plants, which is the first time such a result was obtained with a hydrosol treatment. Due to the antiphytoviral activity results, hydrosols of <i>T. majus</i> have a promising future for use in agricultural production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:20Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:30:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-56f407ffd8054ce4a95b8926b125aafb2023-11-24T15:02:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011222389710.3390/plants12223897Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological ActivitiesIvana Vrca0Blaž Jug1Željana Fredotović2Elma Vuko3Valentina Brkan4Loriana Šestić5Lea Juretić6Valerija Dunkić7Marija Nazlić8Dina Ramić9Sonja Smole Možina10Dario Kremer11Faculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaFaculty of Science, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, CroatiaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaBiotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia<i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of biological activities due to the degradation products of the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. Therefore, the goals of this study were to identify volatiles using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) of the hydrosols (HYs) isolated using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). Cytotoxic activity was tested against a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), human colon cancer cell line (HCT116), human osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS), and healthy cell line (RPE1). The effect on wound healing was investigated using human keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), while the antibacterial activity of the HYs was tested against growth and adhesion to a polystyrene surface of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Antiphytoviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was determined. The GC-MS analysis showed that the two main compounds in the HYs of <i>T. majus</i> are benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and benzyl cyanide (BCN) using the MAE (62.29% BITC and 15.02% BCN) and MHG (17.89% BITC and 65.33% BCN) extraction techniques. The HYs obtained using MAE showed better cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 472.61–637.07 µg/mL) compared to the HYs obtained using MHG (IC<sub>50</sub> value of 719.01–1307.03 μg/mL). Both concentrations (5 and 20 µg/mL) of <i>T. majus</i> HYs using MAE showed a mild but statistically non-significant effect in promoting gap closure compared with untreated cells, whereas the <i>T. majus</i> HY isolated using MHG at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed a statistically significant negative effect on wound healing. The test showed that the MIC concentration was above 0.5 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MAE, and 2 mg/mL for the HY isolated using MHG. The HY isolated using MHG reduced the adhesion of <i>E. coli</i> at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, while it also reduced the adhesion of <i>S. aureus</i> at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. Both hydrosols showed excellent antiphytoviral activity against TMV, achieving100% inhibition of local lesions on the leaves of infected plants, which is the first time such a result was obtained with a hydrosol treatment. Due to the antiphytoviral activity results, hydrosols of <i>T. majus</i> have a promising future for use in agricultural production.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3897<i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L.microwave-assisted extractionhydrosolsbenzyl isothiocyanatecytotoxic activityscratch assay |
| spellingShingle | Ivana Vrca Blaž Jug Željana Fredotović Elma Vuko Valentina Brkan Loriana Šestić Lea Juretić Valerija Dunkić Marija Nazlić Dina Ramić Sonja Smole Možina Dario Kremer Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities Plants <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. microwave-assisted extraction hydrosols benzyl isothiocyanate cytotoxic activity scratch assay |
| title | Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities |
| title_full | Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities |
| title_fullStr | Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities |
| title_short | Significant Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Hydrosols from <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. Seeds with Multiple Biological Activities |
| title_sort | significant benefits of environmentally friendly hydrosols from i tropaeolum majus i l seeds with multiple biological activities |
| topic | <i>Tropaeolum majus</i> L. microwave-assisted extraction hydrosols benzyl isothiocyanate cytotoxic activity scratch assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/22/3897 |
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