Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China
Understanding the impact of natural processes and anthropogenic activities on geochemical evolution is vital for groundwater protection and utilization. This research was devoted to identifying the water quality status and the main controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution of karst groundwa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/726 |
| _version_ | 1797617707038801920 |
|---|---|
| author | Ming Gao Xiangquan Li Jiazhong Qian Zhenxing Wang Xinwei Hou Changchang Fu Jianfei Ma Chunchao Zhang Jinqiu Li |
| author_facet | Ming Gao Xiangquan Li Jiazhong Qian Zhenxing Wang Xinwei Hou Changchang Fu Jianfei Ma Chunchao Zhang Jinqiu Li |
| author_sort | Ming Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the impact of natural processes and anthropogenic activities on geochemical evolution is vital for groundwater protection and utilization. This research was devoted to identifying the water quality status and the main controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution of karst groundwater by combining hydrogeochemical indicators with multi-isotope analysis techniques in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, North China. The results showed that the karst groundwater in the area was of meteoric origin, and the dissolution of carbonate minerals was dominant in water–rock interactions. Meanwhile, the positive and negative cation exchange occurred in the process. The main hydrochemical types of karst groundwater were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca·Mg and HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca in the recharge area, while the predominant hydrochemical types were the HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca·Mg and HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca in the runoff and discharge area. Under the influence of coal mining and other factors, the average concentrations of major ions kept rising in the runoff area where coal mines were distributed, and the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> concentrations of the karst groundwater changed the most in the study area. In addition, sewage from agricultural production and domestic sources had also negatively impacted the quality of regional groundwater in the runoff and discharge area, as evidenced by the increasing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> contents in the Quaternary sediment groundwater, Permian bedrock groundwater and a small portion of karst groundwater. These results were helpful to explain the mechanism of gradual hydrogeochemical changes and provided a scientific basis for the effective management and utilization of karst groundwater. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:59:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5702c37bf7c248a3b1fceed95230f7d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:59:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5702c37bf7c248a3b1fceed95230f7d32023-11-16T23:52:38ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-02-0115472610.3390/w15040726Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern ChinaMing Gao0Xiangquan Li1Jiazhong Qian2Zhenxing Wang3Xinwei Hou4Changchang Fu5Jianfei Ma6Chunchao Zhang7Jinqiu Li8Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaSchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaInstitute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, ChinaUnderstanding the impact of natural processes and anthropogenic activities on geochemical evolution is vital for groundwater protection and utilization. This research was devoted to identifying the water quality status and the main controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution of karst groundwater by combining hydrogeochemical indicators with multi-isotope analysis techniques in the Heilongdong Spring Basin, North China. The results showed that the karst groundwater in the area was of meteoric origin, and the dissolution of carbonate minerals was dominant in water–rock interactions. Meanwhile, the positive and negative cation exchange occurred in the process. The main hydrochemical types of karst groundwater were HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca·Mg and HCO<sub>3</sub>-Ca in the recharge area, while the predominant hydrochemical types were the HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca·Mg and HCO<sub>3</sub>·SO<sub>4</sub>-Ca in the runoff and discharge area. Under the influence of coal mining and other factors, the average concentrations of major ions kept rising in the runoff area where coal mines were distributed, and the SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> concentrations of the karst groundwater changed the most in the study area. In addition, sewage from agricultural production and domestic sources had also negatively impacted the quality of regional groundwater in the runoff and discharge area, as evidenced by the increasing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and Cl<sup>−</sup> contents in the Quaternary sediment groundwater, Permian bedrock groundwater and a small portion of karst groundwater. These results were helpful to explain the mechanism of gradual hydrogeochemical changes and provided a scientific basis for the effective management and utilization of karst groundwater.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/726karst groundwaterhydrogeochemistrystable isotopeswater–rock interactioncoal mininganthropogenic activities |
| spellingShingle | Ming Gao Xiangquan Li Jiazhong Qian Zhenxing Wang Xinwei Hou Changchang Fu Jianfei Ma Chunchao Zhang Jinqiu Li Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China Water karst groundwater hydrogeochemistry stable isotopes water–rock interaction coal mining anthropogenic activities |
| title | Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China |
| title_full | Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China |
| title_short | Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Karst Groundwater in Heilongdong Spring Basin, Northern China |
| title_sort | hydrogeochemical characteristics and evolution of karst groundwater in heilongdong spring basin northern china |
| topic | karst groundwater hydrogeochemistry stable isotopes water–rock interaction coal mining anthropogenic activities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/4/726 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minggao hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT xiangquanli hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT jiazhongqian hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT zhenxingwang hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT xinweihou hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT changchangfu hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT jianfeima hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT chunchaozhang hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina AT jinqiuli hydrogeochemicalcharacteristicsandevolutionofkarstgroundwaterinheilongdongspringbasinnorthernchina |