Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Multiple treatment options have been used over time to attempt to modify the natural progression of the disease in both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These two retinal complica...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/122 |
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| author | Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes Victor A. Martinez-Pacheco Jesus E. Gonzalez-Cantu Alper Bilgic Francesc March de Ribot Aditya Sudhalkar Jesus Mohamed-Hamsho Laurent Kodjikian Thibaud Mathis |
| author_facet | Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes Victor A. Martinez-Pacheco Jesus E. Gonzalez-Cantu Alper Bilgic Francesc March de Ribot Aditya Sudhalkar Jesus Mohamed-Hamsho Laurent Kodjikian Thibaud Mathis |
| author_sort | Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Multiple treatment options have been used over time to attempt to modify the natural progression of the disease in both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These two retinal complications are the result of microvascular occlusions and vascular hyperpermeability and are considered one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in patients of working age. It is now well demonstrated that PDR and DME are associated with increased levels of inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors in the ocular compartment. To date, laser photocoagulation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and corticosteroids have demonstrated efficacy in their treatment in large randomized controlled trials and in real-life observational studies. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of current treatments, including the main drugs used in diabetic pathologic manifestations, as well as new therapeutic alternatives, such as extended-release intraocular devices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:27:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57093b3dae9b4199baab4fcb0e334e30 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:27:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-57093b3dae9b4199baab4fcb0e334e302023-11-30T23:57:59ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-12-0115112210.3390/pharmaceutics15010122Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular EdemaJesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes0Victor A. Martinez-Pacheco1Jesus E. Gonzalez-Cantu2Alper Bilgic3Francesc March de Ribot4Aditya Sudhalkar5Jesus Mohamed-Hamsho6Laurent Kodjikian7Thibaud Mathis8Ophthalmology Department, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, MexicoRetina and Vitreous Department, Hospital de Nuestra Señora de la Luz, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 06030, MexicoOphthalmology Department, Instituto Avalos, University Galileo, Guatemala City 01010, GuatemalaAlphavision Augenarztpraxis, 27568 Bremerhaven, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Otago University, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandMS Sudhalkar Medical Research Foundation, Baroda 390001, IndiaOphthalmology Department, School of Medicine, University Hospital “Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez”, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, MexicoService d’Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, FranceService d’Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69004 Lyon, FranceDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Multiple treatment options have been used over time to attempt to modify the natural progression of the disease in both proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These two retinal complications are the result of microvascular occlusions and vascular hyperpermeability and are considered one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in patients of working age. It is now well demonstrated that PDR and DME are associated with increased levels of inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors in the ocular compartment. To date, laser photocoagulation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and corticosteroids have demonstrated efficacy in their treatment in large randomized controlled trials and in real-life observational studies. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive review of current treatments, including the main drugs used in diabetic pathologic manifestations, as well as new therapeutic alternatives, such as extended-release intraocular devices.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/122anti-vascular endothelial growth factorcorticosteroidsdexamethasone-implantdiabetic macular edemaintravitreal injectionsport delivery system |
| spellingShingle | Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes Victor A. Martinez-Pacheco Jesus E. Gonzalez-Cantu Alper Bilgic Francesc March de Ribot Aditya Sudhalkar Jesus Mohamed-Hamsho Laurent Kodjikian Thibaud Mathis Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Pharmaceutics anti-vascular endothelial growth factor corticosteroids dexamethasone-implant diabetic macular edema intravitreal injections port delivery system |
| title | Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema |
| title_full | Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema |
| title_fullStr | Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema |
| title_short | Current Treatments and Innovations in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema |
| title_sort | current treatments and innovations in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema |
| topic | anti-vascular endothelial growth factor corticosteroids dexamethasone-implant diabetic macular edema intravitreal injections port delivery system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/1/122 |
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