Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator
The generation of space radiation on Earth is essential to study and predict the effects of radiation on space travelers, electronics, or materials during future long-term space missions. Next to the heavy ions of the galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events play a major role concerning the radia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939388923001186 |
| _version_ | 1797294331229372416 |
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| author | Tabea Pfuhl Uli Weber Felix Horst Marco Durante Christoph Schuy |
| author_facet | Tabea Pfuhl Uli Weber Felix Horst Marco Durante Christoph Schuy |
| author_sort | Tabea Pfuhl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The generation of space radiation on Earth is essential to study and predict the effects of radiation on space travelers, electronics, or materials during future long-term space missions. Next to the heavy ions of the galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events play a major role concerning the radiation risk in space, which consist of intermediate-energy protons with broad spectra and energies up to a few hundred MeV. This work describes an approach for the ground-based generation of solar particle events. As a proof of principle, a passive beam modulator with a specific funnel-shaped periodic structure was designed and is used to convert a monoenergetic proton beam into a spectral proton energy distribution, mimicking a solar particle event from August 1972, which is known as one of the strongest recorded SPE events. The required proton beam of 220 MeV can be generated at many existing particle accelerators at research or particle therapy facilities. The planning, manufacturing and testing of the modulator is described step by step. Its correct manufacturing and the characteristics of the solar particle event simulator are tested experimentally and by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Future modulators will follow the same concept with minor adjustments such as a larger lateral extension. As of now, the presented beam modulator is available to the research community to conduct experiments at GSI for exposure under solar particle event conditions. In addition, researchers can use and apply the described concept to design and print their individualized modulator to reproduce any desired solar particle event spectrum or request the presented modulator geometry from the authors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:28:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57112c9a25144a5d96951368291b1ee9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0939-3889 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:28:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik |
| spelling | doaj.art-57112c9a25144a5d96951368291b1ee92024-02-27T04:19:35ZengElsevierZeitschrift für Medizinische Physik0939-38892024-02-01341153165Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulatorTabea Pfuhl0Uli Weber1Felix Horst2Marco Durante3Christoph Schuy4GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, GermanyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Corresponding author: Uli Weber, Ph.D., GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; OncoRay - Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany1 Present address.1GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany; Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Physik Kondensierter Materie, Darmstadt, GermanyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, GermanyThe generation of space radiation on Earth is essential to study and predict the effects of radiation on space travelers, electronics, or materials during future long-term space missions. Next to the heavy ions of the galactic cosmic rays, solar particle events play a major role concerning the radiation risk in space, which consist of intermediate-energy protons with broad spectra and energies up to a few hundred MeV. This work describes an approach for the ground-based generation of solar particle events. As a proof of principle, a passive beam modulator with a specific funnel-shaped periodic structure was designed and is used to convert a monoenergetic proton beam into a spectral proton energy distribution, mimicking a solar particle event from August 1972, which is known as one of the strongest recorded SPE events. The required proton beam of 220 MeV can be generated at many existing particle accelerators at research or particle therapy facilities. The planning, manufacturing and testing of the modulator is described step by step. Its correct manufacturing and the characteristics of the solar particle event simulator are tested experimentally and by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Future modulators will follow the same concept with minor adjustments such as a larger lateral extension. As of now, the presented beam modulator is available to the research community to conduct experiments at GSI for exposure under solar particle event conditions. In addition, researchers can use and apply the described concept to design and print their individualized modulator to reproduce any desired solar particle event spectrum or request the presented modulator geometry from the authors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939388923001186Solar particle eventSPEModulation3D printed modulatorEnergy spectraSpace radiation |
| spellingShingle | Tabea Pfuhl Uli Weber Felix Horst Marco Durante Christoph Schuy Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik Solar particle event SPE Modulation 3D printed modulator Energy spectra Space radiation |
| title | Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator |
| title_full | Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator |
| title_fullStr | Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator |
| title_short | Ground-based passive generation of Solar Particle Event spectra: Planning and manufacturing of a 3D-printed modulator |
| title_sort | ground based passive generation of solar particle event spectra planning and manufacturing of a 3d printed modulator |
| topic | Solar particle event SPE Modulation 3D printed modulator Energy spectra Space radiation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0939388923001186 |
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