Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils
Palm or coconut oil is capable of dissolving in a mixture of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin and a high-temperature hardener (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) when heated and then forms a dispersed phase as a result of cross-linking and molecular weight growth of the epoxy medium. Achieving the temporary...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/4026 |
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| author | Svetlana O. Ilyina Irina Y. Gorbunova Veronika V. Makarova Michael L. Kerber Sergey O. Ilyin |
| author_facet | Svetlana O. Ilyina Irina Y. Gorbunova Veronika V. Makarova Michael L. Kerber Sergey O. Ilyin |
| author_sort | Svetlana O. Ilyina |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Palm or coconut oil is capable of dissolving in a mixture of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin and a high-temperature hardener (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) when heated and then forms a dispersed phase as a result of cross-linking and molecular weight growth of the epoxy medium. Achieving the temporary miscibility between the curing epoxy matrix and the vegetable oil allows a uniform distribution of vegetable oil droplets in the epoxy medium. This novel approach to creating a dispersed phase-change material made a cured epoxy polymer containing up to 20% oil. The miscibility of epoxy resin and oil was studied by laser interferometry, and phase state diagrams of binary mixtures were calculated according to theory and experiments. A weak effect of oil on the viscosity and kinetics of the epoxy resin curing was demonstrated by rotational rheometry. According to differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, the oil plasticizes the epoxy matrix slightly, expanding its glass transition region towards low temperatures and reducing its elastic modulus. In the cured epoxy matrix, oil droplets have a diameter of 3–14 µm and are incapable of complete crystallization due to their multi-component chemical composition and non-disappeared limited miscibility. The obtained phase-change materials have relatively low specific energy capacity but can be used alternatively as self-lubricating low-noise materials due to dispersed oil, high stiffness, and reduced friction coefficient. Palm oil crystallizes more readily, better matching the creation of phase-change materials, whereas coconut oil crystallization is more suppressed, making it better for reducing the friction coefficient of the oil-containing material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5721ab6e8f92497f8bb4409fa24218ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:36:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-5721ab6e8f92497f8bb4409fa24218ad2023-11-19T14:57:50ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-10-011519402610.3390/polym15194026Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable OilsSvetlana O. Ilyina0Irina Y. Gorbunova1Veronika V. Makarova2Michael L. Kerber3Sergey O. Ilyin4A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, RussiaA.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Plastics Processing Technology, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125047 Moscow, RussiaA.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospect, 119991 Moscow, RussiaPalm or coconut oil is capable of dissolving in a mixture of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin and a high-temperature hardener (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) when heated and then forms a dispersed phase as a result of cross-linking and molecular weight growth of the epoxy medium. Achieving the temporary miscibility between the curing epoxy matrix and the vegetable oil allows a uniform distribution of vegetable oil droplets in the epoxy medium. This novel approach to creating a dispersed phase-change material made a cured epoxy polymer containing up to 20% oil. The miscibility of epoxy resin and oil was studied by laser interferometry, and phase state diagrams of binary mixtures were calculated according to theory and experiments. A weak effect of oil on the viscosity and kinetics of the epoxy resin curing was demonstrated by rotational rheometry. According to differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, the oil plasticizes the epoxy matrix slightly, expanding its glass transition region towards low temperatures and reducing its elastic modulus. In the cured epoxy matrix, oil droplets have a diameter of 3–14 µm and are incapable of complete crystallization due to their multi-component chemical composition and non-disappeared limited miscibility. The obtained phase-change materials have relatively low specific energy capacity but can be used alternatively as self-lubricating low-noise materials due to dispersed oil, high stiffness, and reduced friction coefficient. Palm oil crystallizes more readily, better matching the creation of phase-change materials, whereas coconut oil crystallization is more suppressed, making it better for reducing the friction coefficient of the oil-containing material.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/4026phase-change materialsepoxy resinvegetable oilmiscibilityrheologythermophysical properties |
| spellingShingle | Svetlana O. Ilyina Irina Y. Gorbunova Veronika V. Makarova Michael L. Kerber Sergey O. Ilyin Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils Polymers phase-change materials epoxy resin vegetable oil miscibility rheology thermophysical properties |
| title | Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils |
| title_full | Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils |
| title_fullStr | Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils |
| title_short | Self-Lubricating and Shape-Stable Phase-Change Materials Based on Epoxy Resin and Vegetable Oils |
| title_sort | self lubricating and shape stable phase change materials based on epoxy resin and vegetable oils |
| topic | phase-change materials epoxy resin vegetable oil miscibility rheology thermophysical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/19/4026 |
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