Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach
Background Reliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes’ motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics qu...
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| Format: | Article |
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PeerJ Inc.
2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/11863.pdf |
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| author | Ricardo T. Quinaud Carlos E. Gonçalves Kauana Possamai Cristiano Zarbato Morais Laura Capranica Humberto M. Carvalho |
| author_facet | Ricardo T. Quinaud Carlos E. Gonçalves Kauana Possamai Cristiano Zarbato Morais Laura Capranica Humberto M. Carvalho |
| author_sort | Ricardo T. Quinaud |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Reliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes’ motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire (SAMSAQ-PT) in the Brazilian higher education context. Four studies were performed. Methods In study one, conceptually and semantic translation of the questionnaire and Bayesian exploratory factor analysis were conducted. In study two, a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample was performed. In study three, Bayesian multilevel modeling was applied to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample. In study four, the SAMSAQ-PT sensitiveness was examined in a longitudinal sample, and the results were interpreted based on multilevel regression and poststratification. Results Altogether the results provided evidence validity and usefulness of the SAMSAQ-PT in Brazilian student-athletes. The Brazilian student-athletes’ motivation scores were sensitive to the influence of sex, sport level, and type of university on career and sport motivation. SAMSAQ-PT estimate scores across an academic year showed a trend of stability in the scores, adjusting for sex, sport level, type of university, and student-athlete status. Conclusion The SAMSAQ-PT proved to be a robust and valuable questionnaire, which could be used in Portuguese-speaking countries. The findings of the cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys urge to consider individual and contextual characteristics when investigating motivation of dual-career of athletes, also concerning the sex-related opportunities in university sports. Furthermore, there is a need for a call for action to promote and nurture the student-athletes motivation to remain engaged in both sports and educational commitments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:07:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-572a49c48dff4561aa91e75a553b036d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:07:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-572a49c48dff4561aa91e75a553b036d2023-12-02T23:46:57ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592021-07-019e1186310.7717/peerj.11863Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approachRicardo T. Quinaud0Carlos E. Gonçalves1Kauana Possamai2Cristiano Zarbato Morais3Laura Capranica4Humberto M. Carvalho5Department of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilFaculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, PortugalDepartment of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilDepartment of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilDepartment of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physical Education/ School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, BrazilBackground Reliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes’ motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire (SAMSAQ-PT) in the Brazilian higher education context. Four studies were performed. Methods In study one, conceptually and semantic translation of the questionnaire and Bayesian exploratory factor analysis were conducted. In study two, a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample was performed. In study three, Bayesian multilevel modeling was applied to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample. In study four, the SAMSAQ-PT sensitiveness was examined in a longitudinal sample, and the results were interpreted based on multilevel regression and poststratification. Results Altogether the results provided evidence validity and usefulness of the SAMSAQ-PT in Brazilian student-athletes. The Brazilian student-athletes’ motivation scores were sensitive to the influence of sex, sport level, and type of university on career and sport motivation. SAMSAQ-PT estimate scores across an academic year showed a trend of stability in the scores, adjusting for sex, sport level, type of university, and student-athlete status. Conclusion The SAMSAQ-PT proved to be a robust and valuable questionnaire, which could be used in Portuguese-speaking countries. The findings of the cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys urge to consider individual and contextual characteristics when investigating motivation of dual-career of athletes, also concerning the sex-related opportunities in university sports. Furthermore, there is a need for a call for action to promote and nurture the student-athletes motivation to remain engaged in both sports and educational commitments.https://peerj.com/articles/11863.pdfDual-careerSportsEducationBehaviorBayesian multilevel regressionPost-stratification |
| spellingShingle | Ricardo T. Quinaud Carlos E. Gonçalves Kauana Possamai Cristiano Zarbato Morais Laura Capranica Humberto M. Carvalho Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach PeerJ Dual-career Sports Education Behavior Bayesian multilevel regression Post-stratification |
| title | Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach |
| title_full | Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach |
| title_fullStr | Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach |
| title_short | Validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire: a Bayesian multilevel approach |
| title_sort | validity and usefulness of the student athletes motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire a bayesian multilevel approach |
| topic | Dual-career Sports Education Behavior Bayesian multilevel regression Post-stratification |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/11863.pdf |
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