Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing
One of the most important steps in the extrusion processing of ceramic inks is the initial drying of the ceramic parts. This study aimed to investigate the drying behaviour of an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based ceramic ink optimised to be processed by extrusion processing m...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Ceramics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/6/2/55 |
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| author | Bruno Medeiros da Silva Ésoly Madeleine Bento dos Santos Vinícius Zancanelli Bôsco de Souza Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves Carlos Maurício Vieira Claudinei dos Santos |
| author_facet | Bruno Medeiros da Silva Ésoly Madeleine Bento dos Santos Vinícius Zancanelli Bôsco de Souza Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves Carlos Maurício Vieira Claudinei dos Santos |
| author_sort | Bruno Medeiros da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the most important steps in the extrusion processing of ceramic inks is the initial drying of the ceramic parts. This study aimed to investigate the drying behaviour of an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based ceramic ink optimised to be processed by extrusion processing methods, e.g., direct ink writing. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was singly added to a suspension of deionised water and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (50:50 wt.%) to perform as a dispersing and plasticising agent. To assess moisture loss as a function of time, the ceramic inks were extruded into two types of polymeric moulds: one with a completely closed profile producing cylindrical samples (disks) and one with an open profile producing ceramic bars. After the injection of the inks, the moulds were exposed to different controlled temperatures (20 and 40 °C) for up to 180 h; moisture loss and warpage were periodically measured, and exponential mathematical expressions (moisture loss × drying time) were obtained. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-bars dried for 24 h in open moulds at 20 and 40 °C presented longitudinal warpages of 4.5% and 9%, respectively, while the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disks dried in closed moulds presented warpages of 3.5% and 7% in these same temperatures (20 and 40 °C, respectively). The samples were sintered at 1610 °C for 4 h and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density (Archimedes principle), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), presenting a relative density of 92.3 ± 0.5%, α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as crystalline phase and grain with equiaxed morphology varying between 1 and 5 μm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:38:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-57454ef3340a4284a0cbb6202bb44948 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6131 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:38:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-57454ef3340a4284a0cbb6202bb449482023-11-18T09:44:22ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312023-04-016293594710.3390/ceramics6020055Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal ProcessingBruno Medeiros da Silva0Ésoly Madeleine Bento dos Santos1Vinícius Zancanelli Bôsco de Souza2Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves3Carlos Maurício Vieira4Claudinei dos Santos5Escola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica de Volta Redonda EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense UFF, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Vila Santa Cecília, Volta Redonda 27255-125, RJ, BrazilEscola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica de Volta Redonda EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense UFF, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Vila Santa Cecília, Volta Redonda 27255-125, RJ, BrazilEscola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica de Volta Redonda EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense UFF, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Vila Santa Cecília, Volta Redonda 27255-125, RJ, BrazilFaculdade de Tecnologia de Resende FAT, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 298, Resende 27537-000, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Materiais Avançados LAMAV, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro UENF, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000–Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, BrazilEscola de Engenharia Industrial Metalúrgica de Volta Redonda EEIMVR, Universidade Federal Fluminense UFF, Av. dos Trabalhadores, 420, Vila Santa Cecília, Volta Redonda 27255-125, RJ, BrazilOne of the most important steps in the extrusion processing of ceramic inks is the initial drying of the ceramic parts. This study aimed to investigate the drying behaviour of an Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-based ceramic ink optimised to be processed by extrusion processing methods, e.g., direct ink writing. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was singly added to a suspension of deionised water and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (50:50 wt.%) to perform as a dispersing and plasticising agent. To assess moisture loss as a function of time, the ceramic inks were extruded into two types of polymeric moulds: one with a completely closed profile producing cylindrical samples (disks) and one with an open profile producing ceramic bars. After the injection of the inks, the moulds were exposed to different controlled temperatures (20 and 40 °C) for up to 180 h; moisture loss and warpage were periodically measured, and exponential mathematical expressions (moisture loss × drying time) were obtained. The Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-bars dried for 24 h in open moulds at 20 and 40 °C presented longitudinal warpages of 4.5% and 9%, respectively, while the Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> disks dried in closed moulds presented warpages of 3.5% and 7% in these same temperatures (20 and 40 °C, respectively). The samples were sintered at 1610 °C for 4 h and characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative density (Archimedes principle), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), presenting a relative density of 92.3 ± 0.5%, α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as crystalline phase and grain with equiaxed morphology varying between 1 and 5 μm.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/6/2/55Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic inkcarboxymethylcellulosedrying behaviourwarpagecharacterisation |
| spellingShingle | Bruno Medeiros da Silva Ésoly Madeleine Bento dos Santos Vinícius Zancanelli Bôsco de Souza Manuel Fellipe Rodrigues Pais Alves Carlos Maurício Vieira Claudinei dos Santos Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing Ceramics Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic ink carboxymethylcellulose drying behaviour warpage characterisation |
| title | Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing |
| title_full | Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing |
| title_fullStr | Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing |
| title_short | Drying Behaviour of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Inks Containing Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for Use in Colloidal Processing |
| title_sort | drying behaviour of al sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub inks containing carboxymethylcellulose cmc for use in colloidal processing |
| topic | Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic ink carboxymethylcellulose drying behaviour warpage characterisation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/6/2/55 |
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