The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids
According to current opinion, the first step of benzoxazinoids (BXs) synthesis, that is, the conversion of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole, occurs exclusively in the photosynthesising parts of plants. However, the results of our previous work and some other studies suggest that this process ma...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4656 |
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| author | Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska Bartosz M. Szabała Elżbieta Różańska Mariusz Kowalczyk Wojciech Burza Beata Bakera Magdalena Święcicka |
| author_facet | Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska Bartosz M. Szabała Elżbieta Różańska Mariusz Kowalczyk Wojciech Burza Beata Bakera Magdalena Święcicka |
| author_sort | Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to current opinion, the first step of benzoxazinoids (BXs) synthesis, that is, the conversion of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole, occurs exclusively in the photosynthesising parts of plants. However, the results of our previous work and some other studies suggest that this process may also occur in the roots. In this study, we provide evidence that the first step of BXs synthesis does indeed occur in the roots of rye seedlings. We detected <i>ScBx1</i> transcripts, BX1 enzyme, and six BXs (2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, (2<i><b>R</b></i>)-2-<i><b>O</b></i>-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-(2<i><b>H</b></i>)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4<i><b>H</b></i>)-one glucoside, 2,4-dihydroxy- 7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside, and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone) in the roots developed from seeds deprived of the coleoptile at 2 days after sowing (i.e., roots without contact with aerial parts). In roots regenerated in vitro, both <i>ScBx1</i> transcripts and BX1 enzyme were detected at a low but still measurable levels. Thus, BXs are able to be synthesised in both the roots and above-ground parts of rye plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-574b1ae0073e45c191cfa3855c0611c3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:52:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-574b1ae0073e45c191cfa3855c0611c32023-11-21T17:35:37ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01229465610.3390/ijms22094656The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing BenzoxazinoidsMonika Rakoczy-Trojanowska0Bartosz M. Szabała1Elżbieta Różańska2Mariusz Kowalczyk3Wojciech Burza4Beata Bakera5Magdalena Święcicka6Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8 St., 24-100 Puławy, PolandDepartment of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 St., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandAccording to current opinion, the first step of benzoxazinoids (BXs) synthesis, that is, the conversion of indole-3-glycerol phosphate to indole, occurs exclusively in the photosynthesising parts of plants. However, the results of our previous work and some other studies suggest that this process may also occur in the roots. In this study, we provide evidence that the first step of BXs synthesis does indeed occur in the roots of rye seedlings. We detected <i>ScBx1</i> transcripts, BX1 enzyme, and six BXs (2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, (2<i><b>R</b></i>)-2-<i><b>O</b></i>-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-(2<i><b>H</b></i>)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4<i><b>H</b></i>)-one glucoside, 2,4-dihydroxy- 7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one glucoside, and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone) in the roots developed from seeds deprived of the coleoptile at 2 days after sowing (i.e., roots without contact with aerial parts). In roots regenerated in vitro, both <i>ScBx1</i> transcripts and BX1 enzyme were detected at a low but still measurable levels. Thus, BXs are able to be synthesised in both the roots and above-ground parts of rye plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4656<i>ScBx1</i> geneindole-3-glycerol phosphate lyaseactive compoundsseeds deprived of coleoptilein vitro regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska Bartosz M. Szabała Elżbieta Różańska Mariusz Kowalczyk Wojciech Burza Beata Bakera Magdalena Święcicka The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>ScBx1</i> gene indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase active compounds seeds deprived of coleoptile in vitro regeneration |
| title | The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids |
| title_full | The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids |
| title_fullStr | The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids |
| title_short | The Roots of Rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) Are Capable of Synthesizing Benzoxazinoids |
| title_sort | roots of rye i secale cereale i l are capable of synthesizing benzoxazinoids |
| topic | <i>ScBx1</i> gene indole-3-glycerol phosphate lyase active compounds seeds deprived of coleoptile in vitro regeneration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4656 |
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